python xml模块的简单使用

xml是实现不同语言或程序之间进行数据交换的协议，跟json差不多，但json使用起来更简单，不过，古时候，在json还没诞生的黑暗年代，大家只能选择用xml呀，至今很多传统公司如金融行业的很多系统的接口还主要是xml。

xml的格式如下，就是通过<>节点来区别数据结构的:

<?xml version='1.0'?><data> <country name='Liechtenstein'> <rank updated='yes'>2</rank> <year>2008</year> <gdppc>141100</gdppc> <neighbor name='Austria' direction='E'/> <neighbor name='Switzerland' direction='W'/> </country> <country name='Singapore'> <rank updated='yes'>5</rank> <year>2011</year> <gdppc>59900</gdppc> <neighbor name='Malaysia' direction='N'/> </country> <country name='Panama'> <rank updated='yes'>69</rank> <year>2011</year> <gdppc>13600</gdppc> <neighbor name='Costa Rica' direction='W'/> <neighbor name='Colombia' direction='E'/> </country></data>二、Python使用xml

xml协议在各个语言里的都 是支持的，在python中可以用以下模块操作xml：

# print(root.iter(’year’)) #全文搜索# print(root.find(’country’)) #在root的子节点找，只找一个# print(root.findall(’country’)) #在root的子节点找，找所有import xml.etree.ElementTree as ETtree = ET.parse('xmltest.xml')root = tree.getroot()print(root.tag)#遍历xml文档for child in root: print(’========>’, child.tag, child.attrib, child.attrib[’name’]) for i in child: print(i.tag, i.attrib, i.text)#只遍历year 节点for node in root.iter(’year’): print(node.tag, node.text)#---------------------------------------import xml.etree.ElementTree as ETtree = ET.parse('xmltest.xml')root = tree.getroot()#修改for node in root.iter(’year’): new_year = int(node.text) + 1 node.text = str(new_year) node.set(’updated’, ’yes’) node.set(’version’, ’1.0’)tree.write(’test.xml’)#删除nodefor country in root.findall(’country’): rank = int(country.find(’rank’).text) if rank > 50: root.remove(country)tree.write(’output.xml’)#在country内添加（append）节点year2import xml.etree.ElementTree as ETtree = ET.parse('a.xml')root = tree.getroot()for country in root.findall(’country’): for year in country.findall(’year’): if int(year.text) > 2000: year2 = ET.Element(’year2’) year2.text = ’新年’ year2.attrib = {’update’: ’yes’} country.append(year2) #往country节点下添加子节点tree.write(’a.xml.swap’)三、自己创建xml文档

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ETnew_xml = ET.Element('namelist')name = ET.SubElement(new_xml, 'name', attrib={'enrolled': 'yes'})age = ET.SubElement(name, 'age', attrib={'checked': 'no'})sex = ET.SubElement(name, 'sex')sex.text = ’33’name2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml, 'name', attrib={'enrolled': 'no'})age = ET.SubElement(name2, 'age')age.text = ’19’et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml) #生成文档对象et.write('test.xml', encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True)ET.dump(new_xml) #打印生成的格式

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