Python tkinter实现日期选择器

如何利用Python的tkinter模块实现日期选择器，根据我在网上的搜索情况，这一块一直是一个盲点。虽然也有接近的答案，并没有真正实用的，我经过几天的探索，终于摸索出一套可用的，分享给大家。

首先，定义一个类，叫Calendar，这个是搬运来的。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import calendarimport tkinter as tkimport tkinter.font as tkFontfrom tkinter import ttkdatetime = calendar.datetime.datetimetimedelta = calendar.datetime.timedeltaclass Calendar: def __init__(s, point = None): s.master = tk.Toplevel() s.master.withdraw() s.master.attributes(’-topmost’ ,True) fwday = calendar.SUNDAY year = datetime.now().year month = datetime.now().month locale = None sel_bg = ’#ecffc4’ sel_fg = ’#05640e’ s._date = datetime(year, month, 1) #每月第一日 s._selection = None #设置为未选中日期 s.G_Frame = ttk.Frame(s.master) s._cal = s.__get_calendar(locale, fwday) s.__setup_styles() # 创建自定义样式 s.__place_widgets() # pack/grid 小部件 s.__config_calendar() # 调整日历列和安装标记 # 配置画布和正确的绑定，以选择日期。 s.__setup_selection(sel_bg, sel_fg) # 存储项ID，用于稍后插入。 s._items = [s._calendar.insert(’’, ’end’, values=’’) for _ in range(6)] # 在当前空日历中插入日期 s._update() s.G_Frame.pack(expand = 1, fill = ’both’) s.master.overrideredirect(1) s.master.update_idletasks() width, height = s.master.winfo_reqwidth(), s.master.winfo_reqheight() s.height=height if point: x, y = point[0], point[1] else: x, y = (s.master.winfo_screenwidth() - width)/2, (s.master.winfo_screenheight() - height)/2 s.master.geometry(’%dx%d+%d+%d’ % (width, height, x, y)) #窗口位置居中 s.master.after(300, s._main_judge) s.master.deiconify() s.master.focus_set() s.master.wait_window() #这里应该使用wait_window挂起窗口，如果使用mainloop,可能会导致主程序很多错误 def __get_calendar(s, locale, fwday): if locale is None: return calendar.TextCalendar(fwday) else: return calendar.LocaleTextCalendar(fwday, locale) def __setitem__(s, item, value): if item in (’year’, ’month’): raise AttributeError('attribute ’%s’ is not writeable' % item) elif item == ’selectbackground’: s._canvas[’background’] = value elif item == ’selectforeground’: s._canvas.itemconfigure(s._canvas.text, item=value) else: s.G_Frame.__setitem__(s, item, value) def __getitem__(s, item): if item in (’year’, ’month’): return getattr(s._date, item) elif item == ’selectbackground’: return s._canvas[’background’] elif item == ’selectforeground’: return s._canvas.itemcget(s._canvas.text, ’fill’) else: r = ttk.tclobjs_to_py({item: ttk.Frame.__getitem__(s, item)}) return r[item] def __setup_styles(s): # 自定义TTK风格 style = ttk.Style(s.master) arrow_layout = lambda dir: ( [(’Button.focus’, {’children’: [(’Button.%sarrow’ % dir, None)]})] ) style.layout(’L.TButton’, arrow_layout(’left’)) style.layout(’R.TButton’, arrow_layout(’right’)) def __place_widgets(s): # 标头框架及其小部件 Input_judgment_num = s.master.register(s.Input_judgment) # 需要将函数包装一下，必要的 hframe = ttk.Frame(s.G_Frame) gframe = ttk.Frame(s.G_Frame) bframe = ttk.Frame(s.G_Frame) hframe.pack(in_=s.G_Frame, side=’top’, pady=5, anchor=’center’) gframe.pack(in_=s.G_Frame, fill=tk.X, pady=5) bframe.pack(in_=s.G_Frame, side=’bottom’, pady=5) lbtn = ttk.Button(hframe, style=’L.TButton’, command=s._prev_month) lbtn.grid(in_=hframe, column=0, row=0, padx=12) rbtn = ttk.Button(hframe, style=’R.TButton’, command=s._next_month) rbtn.grid(in_=hframe, column=5, row=0, padx=12) s.CB_year = ttk.Combobox(hframe, width = 5, values = [str(year) for year in range(datetime.now().year, datetime.now().year-11,-1)], validate = ’key’, validatecommand = (Input_judgment_num, ’%P’)) s.CB_year.current(0) s.CB_year.grid(in_=hframe, column=1, row=0) s.CB_year.bind(’<KeyPress>’, lambda event:s._update(event, True)) s.CB_year.bind('<<ComboboxSelected>>', s._update) tk.Label(hframe, text = ’年’, justify = ’left’).grid(in_=hframe, column=2, row=0, padx=(0,5)) s.CB_month = ttk.Combobox(hframe, width = 3, values = [’%02d’ % month for month in range(1,13)], state = ’readonly’) s.CB_month.current(datetime.now().month - 1) s.CB_month.grid(in_=hframe, column=3, row=0) s.CB_month.bind('<<ComboboxSelected>>', s._update) tk.Label(hframe, text = ’月’, justify = ’left’).grid(in_=hframe, column=4, row=0) # 日历部件 s._calendar = ttk.Treeview(gframe, show=’’, selectmode=’none’, height=7) s._calendar.pack(expand=1, fill=’both’, side=’bottom’, padx=5) ttk.Button(bframe, text = '确 定', width = 6, command = lambda: s._exit(True)).grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = ’ns’, padx = 20) ttk.Button(bframe, text = '取 消', width = 6, command = s._exit).grid(row = 0, column = 1, sticky = ’ne’, padx = 20) tk.Frame(s.G_Frame, bg = ’#565656’).place(x = 0, y = 0, relx = 0, rely = 0, relwidth = 1, relheigh = 2/200) tk.Frame(s.G_Frame, bg = ’#565656’).place(x = 0, y = 0, relx = 0, rely = 198/200, relwidth = 1, relheigh = 2/200) tk.Frame(s.G_Frame, bg = ’#565656’).place(x = 0, y = 0, relx = 0, rely = 0, relwidth = 2/200, relheigh = 1) tk.Frame(s.G_Frame, bg = ’#565656’).place(x = 0, y = 0, relx = 198/200, rely = 0, relwidth = 2/200, relheigh = 1) def __config_calendar(s): # cols = s._cal.formatweekheader(3).split() cols = [’日’,’一’,’二’,’三’,’四’,’五’,’六’] s._calendar[’columns’] = cols s._calendar.tag_configure(’header’, background=’grey90’) s._calendar.insert(’’, ’end’, values=cols, tag=’header’) # 调整其列宽 font = tkFont.Font() maxwidth = max(font.measure(col) for col in cols) for col in cols: s._calendar.column(col, width=maxwidth, minwidth=maxwidth, anchor=’center’) def __setup_selection(s, sel_bg, sel_fg): def __canvas_forget(evt): canvas.place_forget() s._selection = None s._font = tkFont.Font() s._canvas = canvas = tk.Canvas(s._calendar, background=sel_bg, borderwidth=0, highlightthickness=0) canvas.text = canvas.create_text(0, 0, fill=sel_fg, anchor=’w’) canvas.bind(’<Button-1>’, __canvas_forget) s._calendar.bind(’<Configure>’, __canvas_forget) s._calendar.bind(’<Button-1>’, s._pressed) def _build_calendar(s): year, month = s._date.year, s._date.month header = s._cal.formatmonthname(year, month, 0) # 更新日历显示的日期 cal = s._cal.monthdayscalendar(year, month) for indx, item in enumerate(s._items): week = cal[indx] if indx < len(cal) else [] fmt_week = [(’%02d’ % day) if day else ’’ for day in week] s._calendar.item(item, values=fmt_week) def _show_select(s, text, bbox): x, y, width, height = bbox textw = s._font.measure(text) canvas = s._canvas canvas.configure(width = width, height = height) canvas.coords(canvas.text, (width - textw)/2, height / 2 - 1) canvas.itemconfigure(canvas.text, text=text) canvas.place(in_=s._calendar, x=x, y=y) def _pressed(s, evt = None, item = None, column = None, widget = None): '''在日历的某个地方点击。''' if not item: x, y, widget = evt.x, evt.y, evt.widget item = widget.identify_row(y) column = widget.identify_column(x) if not column or not item in s._items: # 在工作日行中单击或仅在列外单击。 return item_values = widget.item(item)[’values’] if not len(item_values): # 这个月的行是空的。 return text = item_values[int(column[1]) - 1] if not text: return bbox = widget.bbox(item, column) if not bbox: # 日历尚不可见 s.master.after(20, lambda : s._pressed(item = item, column = column, widget = widget)) return text = ’%02d’ % text s._selection = (text, item, column) s._show_select(text, bbox) def _prev_month(s): '''更新日历以显示前一个月。''' s._canvas.place_forget() s._selection = None s._date = s._date - timedelta(days=1) s._date = datetime(s._date.year, s._date.month, 1) s.CB_year.set(s._date.year) s.CB_month.set(s._date.month) s._update() def _next_month(s): '''更新日历以显示下一个月。''' s._canvas.place_forget() s._selection = None year, month = s._date.year, s._date.month s._date = s._date + timedelta( days=calendar.monthrange(year, month)[1] + 1) s._date = datetime(s._date.year, s._date.month, 1) s.CB_year.set(s._date.year) s.CB_month.set(s._date.month) s._update() def _update(s, event = None, key = None): '''刷新界面''' if key and event.keysym != ’Return’: return year = int(s.CB_year.get()) month = int(s.CB_month.get()) if year == 0 or year > 9999: return s._canvas.place_forget() s._date = datetime(year, month, 1) s._build_calendar() # 重建日历 if year == datetime.now().year and month == datetime.now().month: day = datetime.now().day for _item, day_list in enumerate(s._cal.monthdayscalendar(year, month)): if day in day_list: item = ’I00’ + str(_item + 2) column = ’#’ + str(day_list.index(day)+1) s.master.after(100, lambda :s._pressed(item = item, column = column, widget = s._calendar)) def _exit(s, confirm = False): if not confirm: s._selection = None s.master.destroy() def _main_judge(s): '''判断窗口是否在最顶层''' try: if s.master.focus_displayof() == None or ’toplevel’ not in str(s.master.focus_displayof()): s._exit() else: s.master.after(10, s._main_judge) except: s.master.after(10, s._main_judge) def selection(s): '''返回表示当前选定日期的日期时间。''' if not s._selection: return None year, month = s._date.year, s._date.month return str(datetime(year, month, int(s._selection[0])))[:10] def Input_judgment(s, content): '''输入判断''' if content.isdigit() or content == '': return True else: return False

如何使用这个类呢？直接调用即可，什么参数都不用。如图

直接调用这个类，就出现了一个选择器

其实你也可以用参数，比如Calendar(100,100)，这个参数是调整选择器的坐标位置的，问题是没啥用，没有参数选择器就出现在了屏幕的正中央，凑合用吧。

显然，仅仅这样是不足以实用的，于是我又封装了一个datepicker类，需要调用Calendar类

class datepicker: def __init__(s,window,axes): #窗口对象 坐标 s.window=window s.frame=tk.Frame(s.window,padx=5) s.frame.grid(row=axes[0],column=axes[1]) s.start_date=tk.StringVar() #开始日期 s.end_date=tk.StringVar() #结束日期 s.bt1=tk.Button(s.frame,text=’开始’,command=lambda:s.getdate(’start’)) #开始按钮 s.bt1.grid(row=0,column=0) s.ent1=tk.Entry(s.frame,textvariable=s.start_date) #开始输入框 s.ent1.grid(row=0,column=1) s.bt2=tk.Button(s.frame,text=’结束’,command=lambda:s.getdate(’end’)) s.bt2.grid(row=0,column=2) s.ent2=tk.Entry(s.frame,textvariable=s.end_date) s.ent2.grid(row=0,column=3) def getdate(s,type): #获取选择的日期 for date in [Calendar().selection()]: if date: if(type==’start’): #如果是开始按钮，就赋值给开始日期 s.start_date.set(date) elif(type==’end’): s.end_date.set(date)#执行if __name__ == ’__main__’: window=tk.Tk() window.wm_attributes(’-topmost’,True) #窗口置顶 tk.Label(window,text=’日期段一:’).grid(row=0,column=0) obj=datepicker(window,(0,1)) #初始化类为对象 startstamp1=obj.start_date.get() #获取开始时期 endstamp1=obj.end_date.get() tk.Label(window,text=’日期段二:’).grid(row=1,column=0) obj=datepicker(window,(1,1)) startstamp2=obj.start_date.get() endstamp2=obj.end_date.get() window.mainloop()

执行效果如图：

目的是搞成一个日期段的效果。所以datepicker类里面包括了一个开始按钮，开始输入框，结束按钮，结束输入框。并把这四个

组件放在了一个frame里面。所以使用的时候，先建立一个window,然后把window以及frame的位置坐标传入datepicker类即可。比如datepicker(window,(1,1))

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持好吧啦网。