python+appium+yaml移动端自动化测试框架实现详解

结构介绍

之前分享过一篇安卓UI测试，但是没有实现数据与代码分离，后期维护成本较高，所以最近抽空优化了一下。不想看文章得可以直接去Github，欢迎拍砖大致结构如下：

testyaml管理用例，实现数据与代码分离，一个模块一个文件夹

public 存放公共文件，如读取配置文件、启动appium服务、读取Yaml文件、定义日志格式等

page 存放最小测试用例集，一个模块一个文件夹

results 存放测试报告及失败截图

logs 存放日志

testcase 存放测试用例runtest.py 运行所有测试用例

yaml格式介绍

首先看下yaml文件的格式，之前也写过一点关于yaml语法学习的文章testcase部分是重点，其中：

element_info：定位元素信息

find_type：属性，id、xpath、text、ids

operate_type: click、sendkeys、back、swipe_up 为back就是返回，暂时就四种

上面三个必填，operate_type必填!!!!!!

send_content：send_keys 时用到

index：ids时用到

times: 返回次数或者上滑次数

testinfo: - id: cm001 title: 新增终端门店 execute: 1testcase: - element_info: 客户 find_type: text operate_type: click - element_info: com.fiberhome.waiqin365.client:id/cm_topbar_tv_right find_type: id operate_type: click - element_info: com.fiberhome.waiqin365.client:id/custview_id_singletv_inputtext find_type: ids operate_type: send_keys send_content: auto0205 index: 0 - element_info: find_type: operate_type: swipe_up times: 1 - element_info: 提交 find_type: text operate_type: click - element_info: find_type: operate_type: back times: 1

代码部分

公共部分

个人觉得核心的就是公共部分，相当于建房子，公共部分搞好了，后面仅仅是调用即可，建房子把架子搭好，后面就添砖加瓦吧。

读取配置文件readconfig.py设置日志格式logs.py获取设备GetDevices.py这几个通用的就不做介绍了

读取yaml文件 GetYaml.py主要用来读取yaml文件

#coding=utf-8#author=’Shichao-Dong’ import sysreload(sys)sys.setdefaultencoding(’utf8’)import yamlimport codecs class getyaml: def __init__(self,path): self.path = path def getYaml(self): ’’’ 读取yaml文件 :param path: 文件路径 :return: ’’’ try: f = open(self.path) data =yaml.load(f) f.close() return data except Exception: print(u'未找到yaml文件') def alldata(self): data =self.getYaml() return data def caselen(self): data = self.alldata() length = len(data[’testcase’]) return length def get_elementinfo(self,i): data = self.alldata() # print data[’testcase’][i][’element_info’] return data[’testcase’][i][’element_info’] def get_findtype(self,i): data = self.alldata() # print data[’testcase’][i][’find_type’] return data[’testcase’][i][’find_type’] def get_operate_type(self,i): data = self.alldata() # print data[’testcase’][i][’operate_type’] return data[’testcase’][i][’operate_type’] def get_index(self,i): data = self.alldata() if self.get_findtype(i)==’ids’: return data[’testcase’][i][’index’] else: pass def get_send_content(self,i): data = self.alldata() # print data[’testcase’][i][’send_content’] if self.get_operate_type(i) == ’send_keys’: return data[’testcase’][i][’send_content’] else: pass def get_backtimes(self,i): data = self.alldata() if self.get_operate_type(i)==’back’ or self.get_operate_type(i)==’swipe_up’: return data[’testcase’][i][’times’] else: pass def get_title(self): data = self.alldata() # print data[’testinfo’][0][’title’] return data[’testinfo’][0][’title’]

启动appium服务 StartAppiumServer.py主要是启动appium并返回端口port,这个port在下面的driver中需要

#coding=utf-8#author=’Shichao-Dong’ from logs import logimport random,timeimport platformimport osfrom GetDevices import devices log = log()dev = devices().get_deviceName() class Sp: def __init__(self, device): self.device = device def __start_driver(self, aport, bpport): ''' :return: ''' if platform.system() == ’Windows’: import subprocess subprocess.Popen('appium -p %s -bp %s -U %s' %(aport, bpport, self.device), shell=True) def start_appium(self): ''' 启动appium p:appium port bp:bootstrap port :return: 返回appium端口参数 ''' aport = random.randint(4700, 4900) bpport = random.randint(4700, 4900) self.__start_driver(aport, bpport) log.info( ’start appium :p %s bp %s device:%s’ % (aport, bpport, self.device)) time.sleep(10) return aport def main(self): ''' :return: 启动appium ''' return self.start_appium() def stop_appium(self): ’’’ 停止appium :return: ’’’ if platform.system() == ’Windows’: os.popen('taskkill /f /im node.exe') if __name__ == ’__main__’: s = Sp(dev) s.main()

获取driver GetDriver.pyplatformName、deviceName、appPackage、appActivity这些卸载配置文件config.ini文件中，可以直接通过readconfig.py文件读取获得。appium_port有StartAppiumServer.py文件返回

s = Sp(deviceName)appium_port = s.main() def mydriver(): desired_caps = { ’platformName’:platformName,’deviceName’:deviceName, ’platformVersion’:platformVersion, ’appPackage’:appPackage,’appActivity’:appActivity, ’unicodeKeyboard’:True,’resetKeyboard’:True,’noReset’:True } try: driver = webdriver.Remote(’http://127.0.0.1:%s/wd/hub’%appium_port,desired_caps) time.sleep(4) log.info(’获取driver成功’) return driver except WebDriverException: print ’No driver’ if __name__ == '__main__': mydriver()

重新封装find等命令，BaseOperate.py里面主要是一些上滑、返回、find等一些基础操作

#coding=utf-8#author=’Shichao-Dong’ from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWaitfrom logs import logimport osimport time ’’’一些基础操作：滑动、截图、点击页面元素等’’’ class BaseOperate: def __init__(self,driver): self.driver = driver def back(self): ’’’ 返回键 :return: ’’’ os.popen('adb shell input keyevent 4') def get_window_size(self): ’’’ 获取屏幕大小 :return: windowsize ’’’ global windowSize windowSize = self.driver.get_window_size() return windowSize def swipe_up(self): ’’’ 向上滑动 :return: ’’’ windowsSize = self.get_window_size() width = windowsSize.get('width') height = windowsSize.get('height') self.driver.swipe(width/2, height*3/4, width/2, height/4, 1000) def screenshot(self): now=time.strftime('%y%m%d-%H-%M-%S') PATH = lambda p: os.path.abspath( os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), p) ) screenshoot_path = PATH(’../results/screenshoot/’) self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file(screenshoot_path+now+’.png’) def find_id(self,id): ’’’ 寻找元素 :return: ’’’ exsit = self.driver.find_element_by_id(id) if exsit : return True else: return False def find_name(self,name): ’’’ 判断页面是否存在某个元素 :param name: text :return: ’’’ findname = '//*[@text=’%s’]'%(name) exsit = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(findname) if exsit : return True else: return False def get_name(self,name): ’’’ 定位页面text元素 :param name: :return: ’’’ # element = driver.find_element_by_name(name) # return element findname = '//*[@text=’%s’]'%(name) try: element = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_xpath(findname)) # element = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(findname) self.driver.implicitly_wait(2) return element except: self.screenshot() log.error(’未定位到元素：’+’%s’)%(name) def get_id(self,id): ’’’ 定位页面resouce-id元素 :param id: :return: ’’’ try: element = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_id(id)) # element = self.driver.find_element_by_id(id) self.driver.implicitly_wait(2) return element except: self.screenshot() log.error(’未定位到元素：’+’%s’)%(id) def get_xpath(self,xpath): ’’’ 定位页面xpath元素 :param id: :return: ’’’ try: element = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_xpath(xpath)) # element = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath) self.driver.implicitly_wait(2) return element except: self.screenshot() log.error(’未定位到元素：’+’%s’)%(xpath) def get_ids(self,id): ’’’ 定位页面resouce-id元素组 :param id: :return:列表 ’’’ try: # elements = self.driver.find_elements_by_id(id) elements = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_elements_by_id(id)) self.driver.implicitly_wait(2) return elements except: self.screenshot() log.error(’未定位到元素：’+’%s’)%(id) def page(self,name): ’’’ 返回至指定页面 :return: ’’’ i=0 while i<10: i=i+1 try: findname = '//*[@text=’%s’]'%(name) self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(findname) self.driver.implicitly_wait(2) break except : os.popen('adb shell input keyevent 4') try: findname = '//*[@text=’确定’]' self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(findname).click() self.driver.implicitly_wait(2) except: os.popen('adb shell input keyevent 4') try: self.driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@text=’工作台’]') self.driver.implicitly_wait(2) break except: os.popen('adb shell input keyevent 4')

Operate.py我认为最关键的一步了，后面没有page都是调用这个文件进行测试，主要是根据读取的yaml文件，然后进行if...else...判断，根据对应的operate_type分别进行对应的click、sendkeys等操作

#coding=utf-8#author=’Shichao-Dong’ from GetYaml import getyamlfrom BaseOperate import BaseOperate class Operate: def __init__(self,path,driver): self.path = path self.driver = driver self.yaml = getyaml(self.path) self.baseoperate=BaseOperate(driver) def check_operate_type(self): ’’’ 读取yaml信息并执行 element_info：定位元素信息 find_type：属性，id、xpath、text、ids operate_type: click、sendkeys、back、swipe_up 为back就是返回，暂时就三种 上面三个必填，operate_type必填!!!!!! send_content：send_keys 时用到 index：ids时用到 times: :return: ’’’ for i in range(self.yaml.caselen()): if self.yaml.get_operate_type(i) == ’click’: if self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == ’text’: self.baseoperate.get_name(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).click() elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == ’id’: self.baseoperate.get_id(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).click() elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == ’xpath’: self.baseoperate.get_xpath(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).click() elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == ’ids’: self.baseoperate.get_ids(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i))[self.yaml.get_index(i)].click() elif self.yaml.get_operate_type(i) == ’send_keys’: if self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == ’text’: self.baseoperate.get_name(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).send_keys(self.yaml.get_send_content(i)) elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == ’id’: self.baseoperate.get_id(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).send_keys(self.yaml.get_send_content(i)) elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == ’xpath’: self.baseoperate.get_xpath(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i)).send_keys(self.yaml.get_send_content(i)) elif self.yaml.get_findtype(i) == ’ids’: self.baseoperate.get_ids(self.yaml.get_elementinfo(i))[self.yaml.get_index(i)].send_keys(self.yaml.get_send_content(i)) elif self.yaml.get_operate_type(i) == ’back’: for n in range(self.yaml.get_backtimes(i)): self.baseoperate.back() elif self.yaml.get_operate_type(i) == ’swipe_up’: for n in range(self.yaml.get_backtimes(i)): self.baseoperate.swipe_up() def back_home(self): ’’’ 返回至工作台 :return: ’’’ self.baseoperate.page(’工作台’)

公共部分的代码就介绍这么多，在编写这个框架的时候，大部分精力都花在这部分，所以个人觉得还是值得好好研究的

Page部分

page部分是最小用例集，一个模块一个文件夹，以客户为例，目前写了两个用例，一个新增，一个排序，文件如下：

代码如下，非常的简洁,

import sysreload(sys)sys.setdefaultencoding(’utf8’)import codecs,osfrom public.Operate import Operatefrom public.GetYaml import getyaml PATH = lambda p: os.path.abspath( os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), p))yamlpath = PATH('../../testyaml/cm/cm-001addcm.yaml') class AddcmPage: def __init__(self,driver): self.path = yamlpath self.driver = driver self.operate = Operate(self.path,self.driver) def operateap(self): self.operate.check_operate_type() def home(self): self.operate.back_home()

运行用例

这部分用了unittest,运行所有测试用例和生成报告。一个模块一个用例，以客户为例：CmTest.py

from page.cm.CmAddcmPage import AddcmPagefrom page.cm.CmSortcmPage import SortcmPage from public.GetDriver import mydriverdriver = mydriver() import unittest,timeclass Cm(unittest.TestCase): def test_001addcm(self): ’’’ 新增客户 :return: ’’’ add = AddcmPage(driver) add.operateap() add.home() def test_002sortcm(self): ’’’ 客户排序 :return: ’’’ sort = SortcmPage(driver) sort.sortlist() sort.home() def test_999close(self): driver.quit() time.sleep(10) if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main()

首先从page层将需要运行的用例都import进来，然后用unittest运行即可。如果想要运行所有的测试用例，需要用到runtest.py

import time,osimport unittestimport HTMLTestRunnerfrom testcase.CmTest import Cm def testsuit(): suite = unittest.TestSuite() suite.addTests([unittest.defaultTestLoader.loadTestsFromTestCase(Cm), ]) # runner = unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2) # runner.run(suite) now=time.strftime('%y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S') PATH = lambda p: os.path.abspath( os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), p) ) dirpath = PATH('./results/waiqin365-') filename=dirpath + now +’result.html’ fp=open(filename,’wb’) runner=HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp,title=’waiqin365 6.0.6beta test result’,description=u’result:’) runner.run(suite) fp.close() if __name__ =='__main__': testsuit()

这边的思路差不多，也是先导入再装入suite即可

总结

就目前而言，暂时算是实现了数据与用例的分离，但是yaml的编写要求较高，不能格式上出错。同时也有一些其他可以优化的地方，如：

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