python使用requests库爬取拉勾网招聘信息的实现

按F12打开开发者工具抓包，可以定位到招聘信息的接口

在请求中可以获取到接口的url和formdata，表单中pn为请求的页数，kd为关请求职位的关键字

使用python构建post请求

data = { ’first’: ’true’, ’pn’: ’1’, ’kd’: ’python’}headers = { ’referer’: ’https://www.lagou.com/jobs/list_python/p-city_0?&cl=false&fromSearch=true&labelWords=&suginput=’, ’user-agent’: ’Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36’}res = requests.post('https://www.lagou.com/jobs/positionAjax.json?needAddtionalResult=false', data=data,headers=headers)print(res.text)

发现没有从接口获取到数据

换了个网络后接口还是会返回操作频繁的错误信息，仔细检查后发现这个接口需要一个动态的cookies不然会一值返回错误频繁

data = { ’first’: ’true’, ’pn’: ’1’, ’kd’: ’python’}#头部中必须有user-agent和referer不然不会返回cookiesheaders = { ’referer’: ’https://www.lagou.com/jobs/list_python/p-city_0?&cl=false&fromSearch=true&labelWords=&suginput=’, ’user-agent’: ’Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36’}#通过访问主页获取cookiesr1= requests.get('https://www.lagou.com/jobs/list_python/p-city_0?&cl=false&fromSearch=true&labelWords=&suginput=’',headers=headers)#再post请求中传入cookiesr2 = requests.post('https://www.lagou.com/jobs/positionAjax.json?needAddtionalResult=false', data=data,headers=headers, cookies=r2.cookies)print(r2.text)

注意！每请求十次接口cookies也会刷新一次,下面贴上完整爬虫代码

import jsonimport loggingimport requests#获取cookiedef getCookie(): res = requests.get('https://www.lagou.com/jobs/list_python/p-city_0?&cl=false&fromSearch=true&labelWords=&suginput=',headers=headers) return res.cookies#获取json数据def getPage(i, cookies, kw): data = { ’first’: ’true’, ’pn’: i, ’kd’: kw } res = requests.post('https://www.lagou.com/jobs/positionAjax.json?needAddtionalResult=false', data=data, headers=headers, cookies=cookies) return json.loads(res.text)#合并列表def reduceList(l): text = '' for i in l: text += i + ' ' return text.strip()#提取字段并保存到文件中def saveInCsv(f, data): js = data['content']['positionResult']['result'] for node in js: # 对空值进行处理 district = node['district'] if district != None: district = '-' + district else: district = '' f.write( node['positionName'] + '·' + node['city'] + district + '·' + node['salary'] + '·' + node['workYear'] + '·' + node['education'] + '·' + reduceList(node['skillLables']) + '·' + node['companyShortName'] + '·' + node['companySize'] + '·' + node['positionAdvantage'] + 'n')if __name__ == ’__main__’: #定义头部 headers = { ’referer’: ’https://www.lagou.com/jobs/list_python/p-city_0?&cl=false&fromSearch=true&labelWords=&suginput=’, ’user-agent’: ’Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36’ } #初始化cookie cookies = getCookie() with open('file.csv', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f: for i in range(1, 31): #每十个请求重新获取cookie if (i % 10 == 0):cookies = getCookie() #解析字段并存储 data = getPage(i, cookies, 'python') saveInCsv(f, data)

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