基于Python模拟浏览器发送http请求

1.使用 urllib2 实现

#! /usr/bin/env python# -*- coding=utf-8 -*- import urllib2url='https://www.baidu.com'req_header = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11','Accept':'text/html;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8','Accept-Charset':'ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3','Accept-Encoding':'gzip','Connection':'close','Referer':None #注意如果依然不能抓取的话，这里可以设置抓取网站的host}req_timeout = 5req = urllib2.Request(url,None,req_header)resp = urllib2.urlopen(req,None,req_timeout)html = resp.read()print(html)

2.使用 requests 模块

（1）.get请求

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-import requestsurl = 'https://www.baidu.com'payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}r = requests.get(url, params=payload)print r.text

（2）.post请求

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-import requestsurl1 = 'http://www.exanple.com/login'#登陆地址url2 = 'http://www.example.com/main'#需要登陆才能访问的地址data={'user':'user','password':'pass'}headers = { 'Accept':'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;', 'Accept-Encoding':'gzip', 'Accept-Language':'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8', 'Referer':'http://www.example.com/', 'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36' }res1 = requests.post(url1, data=data, headers=headers)res2 = requests.get(url2, cookies=res1.cookies, headers=headers)print res2.content#获得二进制响应内容print res2.raw#获得原始响应内容,需要stream=Trueprint res2.raw.read(50)print type(res2.text)#返回解码成unicode的内容print res2.urlprint res2.history#追踪重定向print res2.cookiesprint res2.cookies['example_cookie_name']print res2.headersprint res2.headers['Content-Type']print res2.headers.get('content-type')print res2.json#讲返回内容编码为jsonprint res2.encoding#返回内容编码print res2.status_code#返回http状态码print res2.raise_for_status()#返回错误状态码

（3）.使用session对象的写法

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-import requestss = requests.Session()url1 = 'http://www.exanple.com/login'#登陆地址url2 = 'http://www.example.com/main'#需要登陆才能访问的地址data={'user':'user','password':'pass'}headers = { 'Accept':'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;', 'Accept-Encoding':'gzip', 'Accept-Language':'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8', 'Referer':'http://www.example.com/', 'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36' }prepped1 = requests.Request('POST', url1, data=data, headers=headers).prepare()s.send(prepped1)'''也可以这样写res = requests.Request('POST', url1,data=data,headers=headers)prepared = s.prepare_request(res)# do something with prepped.body# do something with prepped.headerss.send(prepared)'''prepare2 = requests.Request('POST', url2, headers=headers).prepare()res2 = s.send(prepare2)print res2.content'''另一种写法'''#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-import requestss = requests.Session()url1 = 'http://www.exanple.com/login'#登陆地址url2 = 'http://www.example.com/main'#需要登陆才能访问的页面地址data={'user':'user','password':'pass'}headers = { 'Accept':'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;', 'Accept-Encoding':'gzip', 'Accept-Language':'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8', 'Referer':'http://www.example.com/', 'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36' }res1 = s.post(url1, data=data)res2 = s.post(url2)print(resp2.content)

3.其他的一些请求方式

>>> r = requests.put('http://httpbin.org/put')>>> r = requests.delete('http://httpbin.org/delete')>>> r = requests.head('http://httpbin.org/get')>>> r = requests.options(http://httpbin.org/get)

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持好吧啦网。