Python调用REST API接口的几种方式汇总

相信做过自动化运维的同学都用过REST API接口来完成某些动作。API是一套成熟系统所必需的接口，可以被其他系统或脚本来调用，这也是自动化运维的必修课。

本文主要介绍python中调用REST API的几种方式，下面是python中会用到的库。

urllib2

- Sample1

import urllib2, urllibgithub_url = ’https://api.github.com/user/repos’password_manager = urllib2.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()password_manager.add_password(None, github_url, ’user’, ’***’)auth = urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_manager) # create an authentication handleropener = urllib2.build_opener(auth) # create an opener with the authentication handlerurllib2.install_opener(opener) # install the opener... request = urllib2.Request(github_url, urllib.urlencode({’name’:’Test repo’, ’description’: ’Some test repository’})) # Manual encoding requiredhandler = urllib2.urlopen(request)print handler.read()

- Sample2

import urllib2url = ’http://ems.vip.ebay.com/removeSIforcloud.cgi?ip=’ + ipreq = urllib2.Request(url)req.add_header(’IAF’,abc.token_authiaas)try: resp = urllib2.urlopen(req)except urllib2.HTTPError, error: print 'Cannot remove service instance!', error sys.exit(1)response = resp.read()print response

- Sample3

import urllib2, urllib, base64url = 'https://reparo.stratus.ebay.com/reparo/bootstrap/registerasset/' + rackid + '/' + assetdata = urllib.urlencode({’reservedResource’:’RR-Hadoop’,’resourceCapability’:’Production’,’movetoironic’:’False’,’output’:’json’ })print 'Bootstrap Asset jobs starting ..............'base64string = base64.encodestring(’%s:%s’ % (user, passwd)).replace(’n’, ’’)request = urllib2.Request(url, data, headers={'Authorization' : 'Basic %s' % base64string})response = urllib2.urlopen(request).read()response_json = json.loads(response)response_status = response_json[’status’]status_code = response_status[’statusCode’]status = response_status[’status’]message = response_status[’message’] print status_code , status, message

2. httplib2

import urllib, httplib2github_url = ’h = httplib2.Http('.cache')h.add_credentials('user', '******', 'data = urllib.urlencode({'name':'test'})resp, content = h.request(github_url, 'POST', data)print content

3. pycurl

import pycurl, jsongithub_url = 'user_pwd = 'user:*****'data = json.dumps({'name': 'test_repo', 'description': 'Some test repo'})c = pycurl.Curl()c.setopt(pycurl.URL, github_url)c.setopt(pycurl.USERPWD, user_pwd)c.setopt(pycurl.POST, 1)c.setopt(pycurl.POSTFIELDS, data)c.perform()

4. requests

import requests, jsongithub_url = 'data = json.dumps({’name’:’test’, ’description’:’some test repo’}) r = requests.post(github_url, data, auth=(’user’, ’*****’))print r.json

以上几种方式都可以调用API来执行动作，但requests这种方式代码最简洁，最清晰，建议采用。

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