python Paramiko使用示例

Paramiko 是由 Python 语言编写的一个扩展模块，提供了基于 SSHv2 协议 （包括客户端和服务端）的多种功能实现。通常被用来远程控制类 UNIX 系统。

Paramiko 可以直接使用 pip 命令安装：

$ pip install paramiko

此处不作过多介绍，参考后文中的代码示例。

远程执行 Linux 命令

代码如下：

import paramiko# 初始化 SSH 客户端，通过用户名密码连接至远程服务器client = paramiko.SSHClient()client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy)client.connect(hostname=’remoteserver_ip’, username=’username’, password=’password’)# 通过 RSA 秘钥验证的方式连接至远程 SSH 服务# private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(’~/.ssh/id_rsa’)# client.connect(hostname='remoteserver_ip', username='username', pkey=private_key)# 远程执行 df -h 命令并打印输出stdin, stdout, stderr = client.exec_command(’df -h’)print(stdout.read().decode(’utf-8’))client.close()

运行效果如下：

SFTP 文件传输

示例代码如下：

import paramikotransport = paramiko.Transport((’hostname_or_ip’, port))# 通过用户名密码完成验证建立连接transport.connect(username=’username’, password=’password’)# 通过 RSA 私钥文件完成验证建立连接# private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(’/path/to/private_key_file’)# transport.connect(username=’username’, pkey=private_key)sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)localpath = 'localfile'remotepath = 'remotefile_fullpath'sftp.put(localpath, remotepath)print('Successfully uploaded')transport.close()

综合示例

代码如下（文件名 ssh_connection.py ）：

import paramikoimport getpassimport osclass SSHConnection(): def __init__(self, user, host, port=22, password=’’): self.username = user self.host = host self.port = port self.password = password self.keyfile = self.get_keyfile() def get_keyfile(self, path=os.getcwd()): default_keyfile = os.path.join( os.environ[’HOME’], ’.ssh’, ’id_rsa’) if ’id_rsa’ in os.listdir(path): keyfile = os.path.join(path, ’id_rsa’) elif os.path.isfile(default_keyfile): keyfile = default_keyfile else: keyfile = ’’ return keyfile def connect(self): transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host, self.port)) if self.password: transport.connect(username=self.username, password=self.password) elif self.keyfile: transport.connect(username=self.username,pkey=paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(self.keyfile)) else: password = getpass.getpass('Password for %s@%s: ' % (self.username, self.host)) transport.connect(username=self.username, password=password) self._transport = transport print('Connected to %s as %s' % (self.host, self.username)) def close(self): self._transport.close() def run_cmd(self, command): ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = self._transport stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(command) res = stdout.read().decode(’utf-8’) error = stderr.read().decode(’utf-8’) if error.strip(): return error else: return res def trans_file(self, localpath, remotepath, method=’’): sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self._transport) if method == ’put’: sftp.put(localpath, remotepath) print('File %s has uploaded to %s' % (localpath, remotepath)) elif method == ’get’: sftp.get(remotepath, localpath) print('File %s has saved as %s' % (remotepath, localpath)) else: print(’usage: trans_file(localpath, remotepath, method='get/put'’) def __del__(self): self.close()

测试结果如下：

(python3) D:Programpythondevops>pythonPython 3.7.2 (default, Jan 2 2019, 17:07:39) [MSC v.1915 64 bit (AMD64)] :: Anaconda, Inc. on win32Type 'help', 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information.>>> from ssh_connection import SSHConnection>>> client = SSHConnection(’starky’,’127.0.0.1’)>>> client.connect()Connected to 127.0.0.1 as starky>>> client.run_cmd(’uname -a’)’Linux server1 5.0.0-20-generic #21-Ubuntu SMP Mon Jun 24 09:32:09 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linuxn’>>> client.trans_file(’id_rsa.pub’, ’/home/starky/id_rsa.pub’, method=’put’)File id_rsa.pub has uploaded to /home/starky/id_rsa.pub>>> client.run_cmd(’ls -l /home/starky/id_rsa.pub’)’-rw-rw-r-- 1 starky starky 410 7月 20 15:01 /home/starky/id_rsa.pubn’>>> exit()

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