PHP laravel实现配置使用多数据库

有的时候，我们在开发的过程中需要连接多个数据库。

Laravel框架中早已为我们想到了这样的需求。

配置很简单。

在根目录下的/config/database.php文件中配置：

Laravel中为我们提前预设了多种类型的数据库连接

  "connections" => [
  
"sqlite" => [
    "driver" => "sqlite",
    "url" => env("DATABASE_URL"),
    "database" => env("DB_DATABASE", database_path("database.sqlite")),
    "prefix" => "",
    "foreign_key_constraints" => env("DB_FOREIGN_KEYS", true),
],
  
"mysql" => [
    "driver" => "mysql",
    "url" => env("DATABASE_URL"),
    "host" => env("DB_HOST", "127.0.0.1"),
    "port" => env("DB_PORT", "3306"),
    "database" => env("DB_DATABASE", "forge"),
    "username" => env("DB_USERNAME", "forge"),
    "password" => env("DB_PASSWORD", ""),
    "unix_socket" => env("DB_SOCKET", ""),
    "charset" => "utf8mb4",
    "collation" => "utf8mb4_unicode_ci",
    "prefix" => "",
    "prefix_indexes" => true,
    "strict" => true,
    "engine" => null,
    "options" => extension_loaded("pdo_mysql") ? array_filter([
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA => env("MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA"),
    ]) : [],
],
  
"pgsql" => [
    "driver" => "pgsql",
    "url" => env("DATABASE_URL"),
    "host" => env("DB_HOST", "127.0.0.1"),
    "port" => env("DB_PORT", "5432"),
    "database" => env("DB_DATABASE", "forge"),
    "username" => env("DB_USERNAME", "forge"),
    "password" => env("DB_PASSWORD", ""),
    "charset" => "utf8",
    "prefix" => "",
    "prefix_indexes" => true,
    "schema" => "public",
    "sslmode" => "prefer",
],
  
"sqlsrv" => [
    "driver" => "sqlsrv",
    "url" => env("DATABASE_URL"),
    "host" => env("DB_HOST", "localhost"),
    "port" => env("DB_PORT", "1433"),
    "database" => env("DB_DATABASE", "forge"),
    "username" => env("DB_USERNAME", "forge"),
    "password" => env("DB_PASSWORD", ""),
    "charset" => "utf8",
    "prefix" => "",
    "prefix_indexes" => true,
],
  
    ],

默认连接的是mysql配置，配置项是存储在根目录下的.env文件中的。

如果使用多数据连接，则只需要，根据你的数据库类型，在配置你需要的数据库连接就好了。

如下面所示：

我增加了一个mysql数据库连接和oracle数据库连接

"connections" => [
  
"sqlite" => [
    "driver" => "sqlite",
    "url" => env("DATABASE_URL"),
    "database" => env("DB_DATABASE", database_path("database.sqlite")),
    "prefix" => "",
    "foreign_key_constraints" => env("DB_FOREIGN_KEYS", true),
],
  
// 本地数据库，存储本地数据
"mysql" => [
    "driver" => "mysql",
    "url" => env("DATABASE_URL"),
    "host" => env("DB_HOST", "xxxxx"),
    "port" => env("DB_PORT", "3306"),
    "database" => env("DB_DATABASE", xxxx),
    "username" => env("DB_USERNAME", xxxx),
    "password" => env("DB_PASSWORD", xxxxxxx"),
    "unix_socket" => env("DB_SOCKET", ""),
    "charset" => "utf8mb4",
    "collation" => "utf8mb4_unicode_ci",
    "prefix" => "",
    "prefix_indexes" => true,
    "strict" => false,
    "engine" => null,
    "options" => extension_loaded("pdo_mysql") ? array_filter([
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA => env("MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA"),
    ]) : [],
],
  
// 线上数据库，将本地数据，同步至线上数据
"mysql_base" => [
    "driver" => "mysql",
    "read" => [
"host" => env("DB_HOST_BASE", "xxxxx"),
    ],
    "write" => [
"host" => env("DB_HOST_BASE", "xxxxx")
    ],
    "port" => env("DB_PORT_BASE", xxxx),
    "database" => env("DB_DATABASE_BASE", xxxx),
    "username" => env("DB_USERNAME_BASE", xxxxxx),
    "password" => env("DB_PASSWORD_BASE", "xxxxx"),
    "unix_socket" => env("DB_SOCKET", ""),
    "charset" => "utf8mb4",
    "collation" => "utf8mb4_unicode_ci",
    "prefix" => "",
    "strict" => false,
    "engine" => null,
],
  
"pgsql" => [
    "driver" => "pgsql",
    "url" => env("DATABASE_URL"),
    "host" => env("DB_HOST", "127.0.0.1"),
    "port" => env("DB_PORT", "5432"),
    "database" => env("DB_DATABASE", "forge"),
    "username" => env("DB_USERNAME", "forge"),
    "password" => env("DB_PASSWORD", ""),
    "charset" => "utf8",
    "prefix" => "",
    "prefix_indexes" => true,
    "schema" => "public",
    "sslmode" => "prefer",
],
  
"sqlsrv" => [
    "driver" => "sqlsrv",
    "url" => env("DATABASE_URL"),
    "host" => env("DB_HOST", "localhost"),
    "port" => env("DB_PORT", "1433"),
    "database" => env("DB_DATABASE", "forge"),
    "username" => env("DB_USERNAME", "forge"),
    "password" => env("DB_PASSWORD", ""),
    "charset" => "utf8",
    "prefix" => "",
    "prefix_indexes" => true,
],
 // oracle 数据库连接
"oracle" => [
    "driver" => "oracle",
    "host" => "210.30.64.37",
    "port" => xxx,
    "database" => "",
    "service_name" => xxxxx,
    "username" => xxx_xxxx,
    "password" => xxxx_xxxx,
    "charset" => "AL32UTF8",
    "prefix" => "",
]
  
    ],

我们在使用其余的数据库连接，如下方所示：

1：使用原生sql

DB::connection("oracle")->select("SELECT * from  xxxxx WHERE XH = "{$personal_id}" AND XM = "{$name}"")

2：使用laravel封装的数据库方法：

$userinfo = DB::connection("mysql_base")->table("user")
->where("personal_id", "=", $data["personal_id"])
->where("name", "=", $data["name"])
->where("school_id", "=", $data["school_id"])
->select("id", "type", "school_id", "personal_id", "name", "email", "ilab_user", "ilab_pwd")
->first();

最后，还是强调一句，数据库连接相关的用户名，连接，密码之类的，一般还是写在.env文件中的，方便我们统一管理。

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