使用 python 实现单人AI 扫雷游戏

很高兴又见面了！😊

扫雷是一款单人益智游戏，相信大部分人都在以前上微机课的时候玩过。游戏的目标是借助每个区域中相邻地雷数量的线索，清除包含隐藏的“地雷”或炸弹的单元格，但不引爆其中任何一个，全部清除后即可获胜。今天我们用 Python 完成这个小程序，并且用AI来学习并实现它。

看看我们将要实现的最终样子。👇

1.确保安装了Python 3.6+。2.安装Pygame。3.克隆这个存储库：

GitHub地址：https://github.com/wanghao221/minesweeper

设置 minesweeper.py ⚓

扫雷游戏表示

class Minesweeper():def __init__(self, height=8, width=8, mines=8):# 设置初始宽度、高度和地雷数量self.height = height self.width = width self.mines = set() # 初始化一个没有地雷的空字段self.board = []for i in range(self.height):row = []for j in range(self.width): row.append(False)self.board.append(row) # 随机添加地雷while len(self.mines) != mines:i = random.randrange(height)j = random.randrange(width)if not self.board[i][j]: self.mines.add((i, j)) self.board[i][j] = True # 最开始，玩家没有发现地雷self.mines_found = set()

输出地雷所在位置的基于文本的表示

def print(self):for i in range(self.height):print('--' * self.width + '-')for j in range(self.width):if self.board[i][j]:print('|X', end='')else:print('| ', end='')print('|')print('--' * self.width + '-')def is_mine(self, cell): i, j = cell return self.board[i][j]def nearby_mines(self, cell):

返回给定单元格的一行和一列内的地雷数，不包括单元格本身。

def nearby_mines(self, cell):# 保持附近地雷的数量count = 0# 遍历一行和一列内的所有单元格for i in range(cell[0] - 1, cell[0] + 2): for j in range(cell[1] - 1, cell[1] + 2):# 忽略单元格本身if (i, j) == cell: continue# 如果单元格在边界内并且是地雷，则更新计数if 0 <= i < self.height and 0 <= j < self.width: if self.board[i][j]:count += 1return count

检查是否已标记所有地雷。

def won(self):return self.mines_found == self.mines

关于扫雷游戏的逻辑语句一个句子由一组棋盘单元和这些单元格的数量组成。

class Sentence(): def __init__(self, cells, count):self.cells = set(cells)self.count = count def __eq__(self, other):return self.cells == other.cells and self.count == other.count def __str__(self):return f'{self.cells} = {self.count}' def known_mines(self):

返回 self.cells 中已知为地雷的所有单元格的集合。

def known_mines(self):if len(self.cells) == self.count:return self.cells

返回 self.cells 中已知安全的所有单元格的集合。

def known_safes(self): if self.count == 0:return self.cells

鉴于已知单元格是地雷，更新内部知识表示。

def mark_mine(self, cell): if cell in self.cells:self.cells.discard(cell)self.count -= 1

鉴于已知单元格是安全的，更新内部知识表示。

def mark_safe(self, cell): if cell in self.cells: self.cells.discard(cell)扫雷游戏玩家

class MinesweeperAI(): def __init__(self, height=8, width=8):# 设置初始高度和宽度self.height = heightself.width = width# 跟踪点击了哪些单元格self.moves_made = set()# 跟踪已知安全或地雷的细胞self.mines = set()self.safes = set()# 关于已知为真游戏的句子列表self.knowledge = []

将一个单元格标记为地雷，并更新所有知识以将该单元格也标记为地雷。

def mark_mine(self, cell): self.mines.add(cell) for sentence in self.knowledge: sentence.mark_mine(cell)

将一个单元格标记为安全，并更新所有知识以将该单元格也标记为安全。

def mark_safe(self, cell): self.safes.add(cell)for sentence in self.knowledge: sentence.mark_safe(cell)

用于获取所有附近的单元格

def nearby_cells(self, cell):cells = set()for i in range(cell[0] - 1, cell[0] + 2): for j in range(cell[1] - 1, cell[1] + 2):if (i, j) == cell: continueif 0 <= i < self.height and 0 <= j < self.width: cells.add((i, j))return cells

当扫雷板告诉我们，对于给定的安全单元，有多少相邻单元中有地雷时调用。这个功能应该：1）将单元格标记为已进行的移动2）将单元格标记为安全3）根据 cell 和 count 的值在 AI 的知识库中添加一个新句子4）如果可以根据 AI 的知识库得出结论，则将任何其他单元格标记为安全或地雷5) 如果可以从现有知识中推断出任何新句子，则将其添加到 AI 的知识库中

def add_knowledge(self, cell, count): self.moves_made.add(cell)# 标记单元格安全if cell not in self.safes:self.mark_safe(cell) # 获取所有附近的单元格nearby = self.nearby_cells(cell) nearby -= self.safes | self.moves_made new_sentence = Sentence(nearby, count)self.knowledge.append(new_sentence)new_safes = set()new_mines = set()for sentence in self.knowledge:if len(sentence.cells) == 0:self.knowledge.remove(sentence) else:tmp_new_safes = sentence.known_safes()tmp_new_mines = sentence.known_mines()if type(tmp_new_safes) is set: new_safes |= tmp_new_safesif type(tmp_new_mines) is set: new_mines |= tmp_new_minesfor safe in new_safes: self.mark_safe(safe)for mine in new_mines: self.mark_mine(mine)prev_sentence = new_sentencenew_inferences = []for sentence in self.knowledge: if len(sentence.cells) == 0:self.knowledge.remove(sentence) elif prev_sentence == sentence:break elif prev_sentence.cells <= sentence.cells:inf_cells = sentence.cells - prev_sentence.cellsinf_count = sentence.count - prev_sentence.countnew_inferences.append(Sentence(inf_cells, inf_count)) prev_sentence = sentenceself.knowledge += new_inferences def make_safe_move(self):

返回一个安全的单元格以在扫雷板上选择。必须知道该移动是安全的，而不是已经做出的移动。该函数可以使用 self.mines、self.safes 和 self.moves_made 中的知识，但不应修改任何这些值。

def make_safe_move(self): safe_moves = self.safes.copy()safe_moves -= self.moves_madeif len(safe_moves) == 0:return Nonereturn safe_moves.pop()def make_random_move(self):

返回在扫雷板上进行的移动。应该在以下单元格中随机选择：1) 尚未被选中2) 不知道是地雷

def make_random_move(self):if len(self.moves_made) == 56: return Nonerandom_move = random.randrange(self.height), random.randrange(self.height)not_safe_moves = self.moves_made | self.mineswhile random_move in not_safe_moves: random_move = random.randrange(self.height), random.randrange(self.height)return random_move

设置 runner.py 运行程序

颜色

BLACK = (0, 0, 0)GRAY = (180, 180, 180)WHITE = (255, 255, 255)

创建游戏

pygame.init()size = width, height = 600, 400screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)

字体

字体可以在自己电脑中C:WindowsFonts的位置选择自己喜欢的复制到项目中 assets/fonts目录下即可，我用的是楷体

OPEN_SANS = 'assets/fonts/simkai.ttf'smallFont = pygame.font.Font(OPEN_SANS, 20)mediumFont = pygame.font.Font(OPEN_SANS, 28)largeFont = pygame.font.Font(OPEN_SANS, 40)

计算面板尺寸

BOARD_PADDING = 20board_width = ((2 / 3) * width) - (BOARD_PADDING * 2)board_height = height - (BOARD_PADDING * 2)cell_size = int(min(board_width / WIDTH, board_height / HEIGHT))board_origin = (BOARD_PADDING, BOARD_PADDING)

添加图片这里我们只用了两张图，一个是地雷，一个是用来标记地雷的旗帜

flag = pygame.image.load('assets/images/flag.png')flag = pygame.transform.scale(flag, (cell_size, cell_size))mine = pygame.image.load('assets/images/mine.png')mine = pygame.transform.scale(mine, (cell_size, cell_size))

创建游戏和 AI 代理

game = Minesweeper(height=HEIGHT, width=WIDTH, mines=MINES)ai = MinesweeperAI(height=HEIGHT, width=WIDTH)

跟踪显示的单元格、标记的单元格以及是否被地雷击中

revealed = set()flags = set()lost = False

最初显示游戏说明

instructions = Truewhile True: # 检查游戏是否退出 for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT: sys.exit() screen.fill(BLACK) # 显示游戏说明 if instructions:# 标题title = largeFont.render('海拥 | 扫雷', True, WHITE)titleRect = title.get_rect()titleRect.center = ((width / 2), 50)screen.blit(title, titleRect)# Rulesrules = [ '单击一个单元格以显示它', '右键单击一个单元格以将其标记为地雷', '成功标记所有地雷以获胜！']for i, rule in enumerate(rules): line = smallFont.render(rule, True, WHITE) lineRect = line.get_rect() lineRect.center = ((width / 2), 150 + 30 * i) screen.blit(line, lineRect)# 开始游戏按钮buttonRect = pygame.Rect((width / 4), (3 / 4) * height, width / 2, 50)buttonText = mediumFont.render('开始游戏', True, BLACK)buttonTextRect = buttonText.get_rect()buttonTextRect.center = buttonRect.centerpygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, buttonRect)screen.blit(buttonText, buttonTextRect)# 检查是否点击播放按钮click, _, _ = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()if click == 1: mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos() if buttonRect.collidepoint(mouse):instructions = Falsetime.sleep(0.3)pygame.display.flip()continue

画板

cells = []for i in range(HEIGHT): row = [] for j in range(WIDTH):# 为单元格绘制矩形rect = pygame.Rect( board_origin[0] + j * cell_size, board_origin[1] + i * cell_size, cell_size, cell_size)pygame.draw.rect(screen, GRAY, rect)pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, rect, 3)# 如果需要，添加地雷、旗帜或数字if game.is_mine((i, j)) and lost: screen.blit(mine, rect)elif (i, j) in flags: screen.blit(flag, rect)elif (i, j) in revealed: neighbors = smallFont.render(str(game.nearby_mines((i, j))),True, BLACK ) neighborsTextRect = neighbors.get_rect() neighborsTextRect.center = rect.center screen.blit(neighbors, neighborsTextRect)row.append(rect) cells.append(row)

AI 移动按钮

aiButton = pygame.Rect( (2 / 3) * width + BOARD_PADDING, (1 / 3) * height - 50, (width / 3) - BOARD_PADDING * 2, 50)buttonText = mediumFont.render('AI 移动', True, BLACK)buttonRect = buttonText.get_rect()buttonRect.center = aiButton.centerpygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, aiButton)screen.blit(buttonText, buttonRect)

重置按钮

resetButton = pygame.Rect((2 / 3) * width + BOARD_PADDING, (1 / 3) * height + 20,(width / 3) - BOARD_PADDING * 2, 50 ) buttonText = mediumFont.render('重置', True, BLACK) buttonRect = buttonText.get_rect() buttonRect.center = resetButton.center pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, resetButton) screen.blit(buttonText, buttonRect)

显示文字

text = '失败' if lost else '获胜' if game.mines == flags else ''text = mediumFont.render(text, True, WHITE)textRect = text.get_rect()textRect.center = ((5 / 6) * width, (2 / 3) * height)screen.blit(text, textRect)move = Noneleft, _, right = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()

检查右键单击以切换标记

if right == 1 and not lost: mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()for i in range(HEIGHT):for j in range(WIDTH):if cells[i][j].collidepoint(mouse) and (i, j) not in revealed:if (i, j) in flags: flags.remove((i, j))else: flags.add((i, j))time.sleep(0.2)elif left == 1: mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()

如果单击 AI 按钮，则进行 AI 移动

if aiButton.collidepoint(mouse) and not lost:move = ai.make_safe_move()if move is None: move = ai.make_random_move()if move is None:flags = ai.mines.copy()print('No moves left to make.')else:print('No known safe moves, AI making random move.')else: print('AI making safe move.')time.sleep(0.2)

重置游戏状态

elif resetButton.collidepoint(mouse):game = Minesweeper(height=HEIGHT, width=WIDTH, mines=MINES)ai = MinesweeperAI(height=HEIGHT, width=WIDTH)revealed = set()flags = set()lost = Falsecontinue

用户自定义动作

elif not lost:for i in range(HEIGHT):for j in range(WIDTH):if (cells[i][j].collidepoint(mouse)and (i, j) not in flagsand (i, j) not in revealed): move = (i, j)

行动起来，更新AI知识

if move:if game.is_mine(move):lost = Trueelse:nearby = game.nearby_mines(move)revealed.add(move)ai.add_knowledge(move, nearby)pygame.display.flip()

以上就是本篇文章的全部内容

这里放了项目的完整源码：http://xiazai.jb51.net/202108/yuanma/haiyong_minesweeper_jb51.rar

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