ASP.NET MVC实现树形导航菜单

在需要处理很多分类以及导航的时候，树形导航菜单就比较适合。例如在汽车之家上：

页面主要分两部分，左边是导航菜单，右边显示对应的内容。现在，我们就在ASP.NET MVC 4 下临摹一个，如下：

实现的效果包括：
1、点击导航菜单上的品牌，左侧显示该品牌下的所有车型。
2、点击导航菜单上的车系，左侧显示该车系下的所有车型。
3、点击左侧上方的字母导航，锚点跳到导航菜单的对应部分。
4、页面加载完毕，显示所有品牌和车系，即树形导航完全展开。
5、点击导航菜单上的品牌，收缩或展开对应的车系，收缩时，品牌前面图标为+号，展开时，品牌前面的图片为-号。

源码部分，在这里。

思路呢？

页面分成左右2部分，使用Bootstrap轻松实现：

<div>    <div>    </div>    <div>    </div></div>

左侧最上方的字母导航，被放在一个div中，页面加载的时候向控制器动态请求。

品牌上方的字母归类，比如奥迪上方的字母A，实际上是一个div。

品牌和车系放在了ul中，比如奥迪品牌以及奥迪下的奥迪A4和奥迪A6车系。车系被放在了dl中。

树形菜单采用模版比较合适，先把数据填充到模版，再把模版追加到页面元素。

当点击左侧树形导航上的品牌或车系，右侧通过iframe来呈现对应的内容。

领域先行。有关品牌和车系就抽象成如下的类：

    public class CarCategory    {public int Id { get; set; }public int ParentId { get; set; }public string Name { get; set; }public string FirstLetter { get; set; }public string AnchorName { get; set; }public int Level { get; set; }public short DelFlag { get; set; }    }

有关车型就抽象成如下的类：

    public class Car    {public int Id { get; set; }public int PinPaiId { get; set; }public int CheXiId { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; }    }

页面左侧呈现树形导航需要向控制器请求json数据，大致格式是：

首字母
锚点名称
所有品牌
品牌编号
品牌名称
所有车系
车系编号
车系名称
车系下车型的总数量

貌似有3层，那就从最里面这层开始建模。有关车系在树形导航中的显示：

    public class CheXiForDisplay    {public int CheXiId { get; set; }public int TotalCount { get; set; }public string CheXiName { get; set; }    }

有关品牌在树形导航中的显示：

    public class PinPaiForDisplay    {public int PinPaiId { get; set; }public string PinPaiName { get; set; }public List<CheXiForDisplay> CheXis { get; set; }    }

有关品牌车系分组的：

    public class PinPaiCheXiForDisplay    {public string FirstLetter { get; set; }public string Anchor { get; set; }public List<PinPaiForDisplay> PinPais { get; set; }    }

数据源从哪里来？模拟了一个：

    public class Database    {public static IEnumerable<CarCategory> GetAllCarCategories(){    return new List<CarCategory>    {new CarCategory(){Id = 1, ParentId = 0, Name = "奥迪",FirstLetter = "A", AnchorName = "AA", Level = 1, DelFlag = 0},new CarCategory(){Id = 2, ParentId = 0, Name = "宝马",FirstLetter = "B", AnchorName = "BB", Level = 1, DelFlag = 0},new CarCategory(){Id = 3, ParentId = 0, Name = "保时捷",FirstLetter = "B", AnchorName = "BB", Level = 1, DelFlag = 0},new CarCategory(){Id = 4, ParentId = 0, Name = "长安",FirstLetter = "C", AnchorName = "CC", Level = 1, DelFlag = 0},new CarCategory(){Id = 5, ParentId = 0, Name = "大众",FirstLetter = "D", AnchorName = "DD", Level = 1, DelFlag = 0},new CarCategory(){Id = 6, ParentId = 0, Name = "东风",FirstLetter = "D", AnchorName = "DD", Level = 1, DelFlag = 0},new CarCategory(){Id = 7, ParentId = 0, Name = "丰田",FirstLetter = "F", AnchorName = "FF", Level = 1, DelFlag = 0},new CarCategory(){Id = 8, ParentId = 0, Name = "福特",FirstLetter = "F", AnchorName = "FF", Level = 1, DelFlag = 0},new CarCategory(){Id = 9, ParentId = 1, Name = "奥迪A4",FirstLetter = "A", AnchorName = "AA", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0},new CarCategory(){Id = 10, ParentId = 1, Name = "奥迪A6",FirstLetter = "A", AnchorName = "AA", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0},new CarCategory(){Id = 11, ParentId = 2, Name = "宝马1",FirstLetter = "B", AnchorName = "BB", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0},new CarCategory(){Id = 12, ParentId = 2, Name = "宝马2",FirstLetter = "B", AnchorName = "BB", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0},new CarCategory(){Id = 13, ParentId = 3, Name = "保时捷1",FirstLetter = "B", AnchorName = "BB", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0},new CarCategory(){Id = 14, ParentId = 3, Name = "保时捷2",FirstLetter = "B", AnchorName = "BB", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0},new CarCategory(){Id = 15, ParentId = 4, Name = "长安1",FirstLetter = "C", AnchorName = "CC", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0},new CarCategory(){Id = 16, ParentId = 4, Name = "长安2",FirstLetter = "C", AnchorName = "CC", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0},new CarCategory(){Id = 17, ParentId = 5, Name = "大众1",FirstLetter = "D", AnchorName = "DD", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0},new CarCategory(){Id = 18, ParentId = 5, Name = "大众2",FirstLetter = "D", AnchorName = "DD", Level = 2, DelFlag = 1},new CarCategory(){Id = 19, ParentId = 6, Name = "东风1",FirstLetter = "D", AnchorName = "DD", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0},new CarCategory(){Id = 20, ParentId = 6, Name = "东风2",FirstLetter = "D", AnchorName = "DD", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0},new CarCategory(){Id = 21, ParentId = 7, Name = "丰田1",FirstLetter = "F", AnchorName = "FF", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0},new CarCategory(){Id = 22, ParentId = 7, Name = "丰田2",FirstLetter = "F", AnchorName = "FF", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0},new CarCategory(){Id = 23, ParentId = 8, Name = "福特1",FirstLetter = "F", AnchorName = "AFF", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0},new CarCategory(){Id = 24, ParentId = 8, Name = "福特2",FirstLetter = "F", AnchorName = "AFF", Level = 2, DelFlag = 0}    };}public static IEnumerable<Car> GetAllCars(){    return new List<Car>    {new Car(){Id = 1, PinPaiId = 1, CheXiId = 9, Name = "奥迪A401"},new Car(){Id = 2, PinPaiId = 1, CheXiId = 9, Name = "奥迪A402"},new Car(){Id = 3, PinPaiId = 1, CheXiId = 10, Name = "奥迪A601"},new Car(){Id = 4, PinPaiId = 1, CheXiId = 10, Name = "奥迪A602"},new Car(){Id = 5, PinPaiId = 2, CheXiId = 11, Name = "宝马101"},new Car(){Id = 6, PinPaiId = 2, CheXiId = 11, Name = "宝马102"},new Car(){Id = 7, PinPaiId = 2, CheXiId = 12, Name = "宝马201"},new Car(){Id = 8, PinPaiId = 2, CheXiId = 12, Name = "宝马202"},new Car(){Id = 9, PinPaiId = 3, CheXiId = 13, Name = "保时捷101"},new Car(){Id = 10, PinPaiId = 3, CheXiId = 13, Name = "保时捷102"},new Car(){Id = 11, PinPaiId = 3, CheXiId = 14, Name = "保时捷201"},new Car(){Id = 12, PinPaiId = 3, CheXiId = 14, Name = "保时捷202"},new Car(){Id = 13, PinPaiId = 4, CheXiId = 15, Name = "长安101"},new Car(){Id = 14, PinPaiId = 4, CheXiId = 15, Name = "长安102"},new Car(){Id = 15, PinPaiId = 4, CheXiId = 16, Name = "长安201"},new Car(){Id = 16, PinPaiId = 4, CheXiId = 16, Name = "长安202"},new Car(){Id = 17, PinPaiId = 5, CheXiId = 17, Name = "大众101"},new Car(){Id = 18, PinPaiId = 5, CheXiId = 17, Name = "大众102"},new Car(){Id = 19, PinPaiId = 5, CheXiId = 18, Name = "大众201"},new Car(){Id = 20, PinPaiId = 5, CheXiId = 18, Name = "大众202"},new Car(){Id = 21, PinPaiId = 6, CheXiId = 19, Name = "东风101"},new Car(){Id = 22, PinPaiId = 6, CheXiId = 19, Name = "东风102"},new Car(){Id = 23, PinPaiId = 6, CheXiId = 20, Name = "东风201"},new Car(){Id = 24, PinPaiId = 6, CheXiId = 20, Name = "东风202"},new Car(){Id = 25, PinPaiId = 7, CheXiId = 21, Name = "丰田101"},new Car(){Id = 26, PinPaiId = 7, CheXiId = 21, Name = "丰田102"},new Car(){Id = 27, PinPaiId = 7, CheXiId = 22, Name = "丰田201"},new Car(){Id = 28, PinPaiId = 7, CheXiId = 22, Name = "丰田202"},new Car(){Id = 29, PinPaiId = 8, CheXiId = 23, Name = "福特101"},new Car(){Id = 30, PinPaiId = 8, CheXiId = 23, Name = "福特102"},new Car(){Id = 31, PinPaiId = 8, CheXiId = 24, Name = "福特201"},new Car(){Id = 32, PinPaiId = 8, CheXiId = 24, Name = "福特202"}    };}    }

好，现在可以向控制器要数据了。

   public class HomeController : Controller    {public ActionResult Index(){    return View();}//获取所有首字母以及锚点的jsonpublic ActionResult GetFirstLettersJson(){    var allCarCategories = Database.GetAllCarCategories();    var result = from l in allCarCategoriesgroup l by l.FirstLetterinto gselect new {firstletter = g.Key, anchor=g.ToList()[0].AnchorName};    return Json(result, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);}//获取按首字母分组后的品牌车系jsonpublic ActionResult GetPinPaiCheXiJson() {    var allPinPais = Database.GetAllCarCategories().Where(c => c.Level == 1).OrderBy(c => c.FirstLetter);    var allPinPaisGroup = from p in allPinPaisgroup p by new{    p.FirstLetter,    p.AnchorName};    List<PinPaiCheXiForDisplay> result1 = new List<PinPaiCheXiForDisplay>();    foreach (var item in allPinPaisGroup)    {//品牌车系PinPaiCheXiForDisplay pinPaiCheXiForDisplay = new PinPaiCheXiForDisplay();pinPaiCheXiForDisplay.FirstLetter = item.Key.FirstLetter;pinPaiCheXiForDisplay.Anchor = item.Key.AnchorName;//品牌List<PinPaiForDisplay> pinPaiForDisplays = new List<PinPaiForDisplay>();foreach (var pinpai in item.ToList()){    PinPaiForDisplay pinPaiForDisplay = new PinPaiForDisplay();    pinPaiForDisplay.PinPaiId = pinpai.Id;    pinPaiForDisplay.PinPaiName = pinpai.Name;        //车系    List<CheXiForDisplay> cheXiForDisplays = new List<CheXiForDisplay>();    var cheXis = Database.GetAllCarCategories().Where(c => c.ParentId == pinpai.Id).OrderBy(c => c.Id);    foreach (var chexi in cheXis)    {CheXiForDisplay cheXiForDisplay = new CheXiForDisplay();cheXiForDisplay.CheXiId = chexi.Id;cheXiForDisplay.CheXiName = chexi.Name;cheXiForDisplay.TotalCount = cheXis.Count();cheXiForDisplays.Add(cheXiForDisplay);    }    pinPaiForDisplay.CheXis = cheXiForDisplays;    pinPaiForDisplays.Add(pinPaiForDisplay);}pinPaiCheXiForDisplay.PinPais = pinPaiForDisplays;result1.Add(pinPaiCheXiForDisplay);    }    return Json(result1, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);}//根据品牌Id显示车型public ActionResult GetCheXingsByPId(int pid){    var cars = Database.GetAllCars().Where(c => c.PinPaiId == pid);    return View(cars);}//根据车系Id显示车型public ActionResult GetCheXingsByChexiId(int cxid){    var cars = Database.GetAllCars().Where(c => c.CheXiId == cxid);    return View(cars);}    }

在Shared/_Layout.cshtml中，该引用的css,js都要引用上。

<head>    <meta charset="utf-8" />    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />    <title>@ViewBag.Title</title>    <link href="~/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow"  rel="stylesheet" />    @Styles.Render("~/Content/css")    @RenderSection("styles", required: false)    @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jquery")    <script src="~/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script></head><body>    @RenderBody()        @RenderSection("scripts", required: false)</body>

Home/Index.cshtml就负责显示就行了。

@{    ViewBag.Title = "Index";    Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";}@section styles{    <link href="~/Content/sidemenu.css" rel="external nofollow"  rel="stylesheet" />}<div>    <div><!--字母导航开始--><div id="lDaoHang"></div><!--字母导航结束--><!--树开始--><div id="cTreeDiv"></div><!--树结束--><div>    <dl id="test"></dl></div>    </div>    <div><div id="carContent">    <iframe id="frameCar" src="" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" height="100%" width="100%" onload="this.height=this.contentWindow.document.documentElement.scrollHeight"></iframe></div>    </div></div>@section scripts{    <script src="~/Scripts/jquery.tmpl.min.js"></script>    <script type="text/javascript">$(function () {    //加载首字母    $.getJSON("@Url.Action("GetFirstLettersJson", "Home")", function (data) {$("#firstLetterTemplate").tmpl(data).appendTo("#lDaoHang");    });    //加载所有品牌车系    $.getJSON("@Url.Action("GetPinPaiCheXiJson", "Home")", function (data) {$("#pinpaiTemplate").tmpl(data).appendTo("#cTreeDiv");$(".pLink").each(function () {    pinPaiInitialState($(this));});    });    //隐藏ifame所在div    $("#carContent").css("display", "none");    //点击品牌    $("#cTreeDiv").on("click", ".pLink", function () {//切换togglePinPaiState($(this));//显示右边区域var url = "/Home/GetCheXingsByPId?pid=" + $(this).attr("id");$("#frameCar").attr("src", url);$("#carContent").css("display", "block");    });    //点击车系    $("#cTreeDiv").on("click", ".cxLink", function () {//显示右边区域var url = "/Home/GetCheXingsByChexiId?cxid=" + $(this).attr("id");$("#frameCar").attr("src", url);$("#carContent").css("display", "block");    });});//品牌的初始状态,即把车系隐藏和品牌前面的图标为+号var pstate = 0;//品牌只有2种状态：所有车系隐藏，品牌前面的图标变为为+号；要么显示品牌下的所有车系，品牌前面的图标变为-号//把车系隐藏和品牌前面的图标为+号，记为状态0//把车系隐藏和品牌前面的图标为-号，记为状态1function togglePinPaiState($pinpai) {    if (pstate == 0) {var $i = $pinpai.parent().find("i");var attr = $i.attr("class");if (typeof attr !== typeof undefined && attr !== false) {    $i.removeClass("iconHide");}$i.addClass("iconShow");$pinpai.parent().parent().find("dl").show();pstate = 1;    } else {var $j = $pinpai.parent().find("i");var attr1 = $j.attr("class");if (typeof attr1 !== typeof undefined && attr1 !== false) {    $j.removeClass("iconShow");}$j.addClass("iconHide");$pinpai.parent().parent().find("dl").hide();pstate = 0;    }}function pinPaiInitialState($pinpai) {    pstate = 0;    togglePinPaiState($pinpai);}    </script>    <!--首字母模版-->    <script id="firstLetterTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"><div>    <a href="#${anchor}" rel="external nofollow" >${firstletter}</a></div>    </script>    <!--品牌模版-->    <script id="pinpaiTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"><div id="${Anchor}">${FirstLetter}</div><ul>    {{if PinPais}}    {{each PinPais}}    <li><h5>    <a href="javascript:void(0)" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  id="${$value.PinPaiId}"><i></i>${$value.PinPaiName}</a></h5><dl>    {{tmpl(CheXis) "#chexiTemplate"}}</dl>    </li>    {{/each}}    {{else}}    <li>没有对应品牌</li>    {{/if}}</ul>    </script>    <!--车系模版-->    <script id="chexiTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl"><dd><a id="${CheXiId}" href="javascript:void(0)" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >${CheXiName}<em>(${TotalCount})</em></a></dd>    </script>}

以上，

• 从控制器返回的有关树形菜单的json数据，先填充到jquery.tmpl.min.js模版中，然后追加到页面上。
• 树形菜单的展开或收缩，通过全局变量pstate在0和1之间的切换来实现，页面初次加载给变量pstate一个初始值。

另外，点击树形导航上的品牌，iframe加载的视图是Home/GetCheXingsByPId.cshtml

@model IEnumerable<MvcApplication1.Models.Car>@{    ViewBag.Title = "GetCheXingsByPId";    Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";}<h2>GetCheXingsByPId</h2><div>    @foreach (var item in Model)    {<p>@item.Name </p>        }</div>

点击树形导航上的车系，iframe加载的视图是Home/GetCheXingsByChexiId.cshtml

@model IEnumerable<MvcApplication1.Models.Car>@{    ViewBag.Title = "GetCheXingsByChexiId";    Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";}<h2>GetCheXingsByChexiId</h2><div>    @foreach (var item in Model)    {<p>@item.Name </p>        }</div>

就这样。

到此这篇关于ASP.NET MVC实现树形导航菜单的文章就介绍到这了。希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。