浅谈Java HttpURLConnection请求方式

一）URL代理请求 ​

该方式请求有两种代理方式。

方式一：使用该方式代理之后，之后的所有接口都会使用代理请求

// 对http开启全局代理System.setProperty('http.proxyHost', '192.168.1.1');System.setProperty('http.proxyPort', '80'); // 对https开启全局代理System.setProperty('https.proxyHost', '192.168.1.1');System.setProperty('https.proxyPort', '80');

方式二：适用于只有部分接口需要代理请求场景

Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress('192.168.1.1', 80));HttpURLConnection conn = null;try { URL url = new URL('http://localhost:8080/ouyangjun'); conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);} catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace();}

二）无参数GET请求

方法解析：

HttpGetUtils.doGetNoParameters(String requestURL, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort);

requestURL：请求路径，必填

proxyHost：代理IP，即服务器代理地址，可为null

proxyPort：代理端口，可为null

说明：一般本地测试几乎是不会用代理的，只有服务器用代理方式请求比较多。

实现源码：

package com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils; import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.net.HttpURLConnection;import java.net.InetSocketAddress;import java.net.MalformedURLException;import java.net.Proxy;import java.net.Proxy.Type;import java.net.URL; /** * http请求工具类 * @author ouyangjun */public class HttpGetUtils { /** * http get请求, 不带参数 * @param requestURL * @param method * @return */ public static String doGetNoParameters(String requestURL, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort) { // 记录信息 StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); HttpURLConnection conn = null; try { URL url = new URL(requestURL); // 判断是否需要代理模式请求http if (proxyHost != null && proxyPort != null) {// 如果是本机自己测试, 不需要代理请求,但发到服务器上的时候需要代理请求// 对http开启全局代理//System.setProperty('http.proxyHost', proxyHost);//System.setProperty('http.proxyPort', proxyPort);// 对https开启全局代理//System.setProperty('https.proxyHost', proxyHost);//System.setProperty('https.proxyPort', proxyPort); // 代理访问http请求Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress(proxyHost, proxyPort));conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy); } else {// 原生访问http请求，未代理请求conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); }// 设置请求的属性 conn.setDoOutput(true); // 是否可以输出 conn.setRequestMethod('GET'); // 请求方式, 只包含'GET', 'POST', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS', 'PUT', 'DELETE', 'TRACE'六种 conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高超时时间 conn.setReadTimeout(60000); // 最高读取时间 conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高连接时间// 读取数据 InputStream is = null; InputStreamReader inputReader = null; BufferedReader reader = null; try {is = conn.getInputStream();inputReader = new InputStreamReader(is, 'UTF-8');reader = new BufferedReader(inputReader); String temp;while ((temp = reader.readLine()) != null) { buffer.append(temp);} } catch (Exception e) {System.out.println('HttpGetUtils doGetNoParameters error: ' + e); } finally {try { if (reader != null) { reader.close(); } if (inputReader != null) { inputReader.close(); } if (is != null) { is.close(); }} catch (IOException e) { System.out.println('HttpGetUtils doGetNoParameters error: ' + e);} } } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { // 当http连接空闲时, 释放资源 if (conn != null) {conn.disconnect(); } } // 返回信息 return buffer.length()==0 ? '' : buffer.toString(); }}

三）带参数POST请求

方法解析：

HttpPostUtils.doPost(String requestURL, String params, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort);

requestURL：请求路径，必填

params：请求参数，必填，数据格式为JSON

proxyHost：代理IP，即服务器代理地址，可为null

proxyPort：代理端口，可为null

说明：一般本地测试几乎是不会用代理的，只有服务器用代理方式请求比较多。

实现源码：

package com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils; import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.io.OutputStream;import java.net.HttpURLConnection;import java.net.InetSocketAddress;import java.net.MalformedURLException;import java.net.Proxy;import java.net.Proxy.Type;import java.net.URL; /** * http请求工具类 * @author ouyangjun */public class HttpPostUtils { /** * http post请求, 带参数 * @param requestURL * @param params * @return */ public static String doPost(String requestURL, String params, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort) { // 记录信息 StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); HttpURLConnection conn = null; try { URL url = new URL(requestURL); // 判断是否需要代理模式请求http if (proxyHost != null && proxyPort != null) {// 如果是本机自己测试, 不需要代理请求,但发到服务器上的时候需要代理请求// 对http开启全局代理//System.setProperty('http.proxyHost', proxyHost);//System.setProperty('http.proxyPort', proxyPort);// 对https开启全局代理//System.setProperty('https.proxyHost', proxyHost);//System.setProperty('https.proxyPort', proxyPort); // 代理访问http请求Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress(proxyHost, proxyPort));conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy); } else {// 原生访问http请求，未代理请求conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); }// 设置请求的属性 conn.setDoOutput(true); // 是否可以输出 conn.setRequestMethod('POST'); // 请求方式, 只包含'GET', 'POST', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS', 'PUT', 'DELETE', 'TRACE'六种 conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高超时时间 conn.setReadTimeout(60000); // 最高读取时间 conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高连接时间conn.setDoInput(true); // 是否可以输入 if (params != null) {// 设置参数为json格式conn.setRequestProperty('Content-type', 'application/json'); // 写入参数信息OutputStream os = conn.getOutputStream();try { os.write(params.getBytes('UTF-8'));} catch (Exception e) { System.out.println('HttpPostUtils doPost error: ' + e);} finally { try { if (os != null) { os.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println('HttpPostUtils doPost error: ' + e); }} }// 读取数据 InputStream is = null; InputStreamReader inputReader = null; BufferedReader reader = null; try {is = conn.getInputStream();inputReader = new InputStreamReader(is, 'UTF-8');reader = new BufferedReader(inputReader); String temp;while ((temp = reader.readLine()) != null) { buffer.append(temp);} } catch (Exception e) {System.out.println('HttpPostUtils doPost error: ' + e); } finally {try { if (reader != null) { reader.close(); } if (inputReader != null) { inputReader.close(); } if (is != null) { is.close(); }} catch (IOException e) { System.out.println('HttpPostUtils doPost error: ' + e);} } } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { // 当http连接空闲时, 释放资源 if (conn != null) {conn.disconnect(); } } // 返回信息 return buffer.length()==0 ? '' : buffer.toString(); }}

四）Http模拟测试

本案例是使用了微信公众号两个接口作为了测试案例。

appID和appsecret需要申请了微信公众号才能获取到。

package com.ouyangjun.wechat.test; import com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils.HttpGetUtils;import com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils.HttpPostUtils; public class TestHttp { private final static String WECHAT_APPID=''; // appid, 需申请微信公众号才能拿到 private final static String WECHAT_APPSECRET=''; // appsecret, 需申请微信公众号才能拿到 public static void main(String[] args) { // 获取微信公众号token getWeChatToken(); // 修改用户备注信息 String token = '31_1uw5em_HrgkfXok6drZkDZLKsBfbNJr9WTdzdkc_Tdat-9tpOezWsNI6tBMkyPe_zDHjErIS1r0dgnTpT5bfKXcASShJVhPqumivRP21PvQe3Cbfztgs1IL2Jpy7kw3Y09bC1urlWzDA52mtEDGcADAVUX'; String openid = 'oCh4n0-6JKQpJgBOPA5tytoYb0VY'; updateUserRemark(token, openid); } /** * 根据appid和appsecret获取微信token，返回json格式数据，需自行解析 * @return */ public static String getWeChatToken() { String requestURL = 'https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid='+WECHAT_APPID+'&secret='+WECHAT_APPSECRET; String token = HttpGetUtils.doGetNoParameters(requestURL, null, null); System.out.println('wechat token: ' + token); return token; } /** * 修改用户备注，返回json格式数据，需自行解析 * @param token * @param openid * @return */ public static String updateUserRemark(String token, String openid) { String reuqestURL = 'https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info/updateremark?access_token='+token; // 封装json参数 String jsonParams = '{'openid':''+openid+'','remark':'oysept'}'; String msg = HttpPostUtils.doPost(reuqestURL, jsonParams, null, null); System.out.println('msg: ' + msg); return jsonParams; }}

补充知识：Java HttpURLConnection post set params 设置请求参数的三种方法 实践总结

我就废话不多说了，大家还是直接看代码吧~

/** * the first way to set params * OutputStream */ byte[] bytesParams = paramsStr.getBytes(); // 发送请求params参数 OutputStream outStream=connection.getOutputStream(); outStream.write(bytesParams); outStream.flush(); /** * the second way to set params * PrintWriter */ PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(connection.getOutputStream()); //PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(connection.getOutputStream(),'UTF-8')); // 发送请求params参数 printWriter.write(paramsStr); printWriter.flush(); /** * the third way to set params * OutputStreamWriter */ OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter( connection.getOutputStream(), 'UTF-8'); // 发送请求params参数 out.write(paramsStr); out.flush();

demo：

/** * @param pathurl * @param paramsStr * @return */ private static String postUrlBackStr(String pathurl, String paramsStr) { String backStr = ''; InputStream inputStream = null; ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null; try { URL url = new URL(pathurl); HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); // 设定请求的方法为'POST'，默认是GET connection.setRequestMethod('POST'); connection.setConnectTimeout(50000); connection.setReadTimeout(50000); // User-Agent IE11 的标识 connection.setRequestProperty('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.3; Trident/7.0;rv:11.0)like Gecko'); connection.setRequestProperty('Accept-Language', 'zh-CN'); connection.setRequestProperty('Connection', 'Keep-Alive'); connection.setRequestProperty('Charset', 'UTF-8'); /** * 当我们要获取我们请求的http地址访问的数据时就是使用connection.getInputStream().read()方式时我们就需要setDoInput(true)， 根据api文档我们可知doInput默认就是为true。我们可以不用手动设置了，如果不需要读取输入流的话那就setDoInput(false)。 当我们要采用非get请求给一个http网络地址传参 就是使用connection.getOutputStream().write() 方法时我们就需要setDoOutput(true), 默认是false */ // 设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入，默认情况下是true; connection.setDoInput(true); // 设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出，如果是post请求，参数要放在http正文内，因此需要设为true, 默认是false; connection.setDoOutput(true); connection.setUseCaches(false); /** * the first way to set params * OutputStream */ /* byte[] bytesParams = paramsStr.getBytes(); // 发送请求params参数 OutputStream outStream=connection.getOutputStream(); outStream.write(bytesParams); outStream.flush(); */ /** * the second way to set params * PrintWriter */ /* PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(connection.getOutputStream()); //PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(connection.getOutputStream(),'UTF-8')); // 发送请求params参数 printWriter.write(paramsStr); printWriter.flush();*/ /** * the third way to set params * OutputStreamWriter */ OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter( connection.getOutputStream(), 'UTF-8'); // 发送请求params参数 out.write(paramsStr); out.flush(); connection.connect();// int contentLength = connection.getContentLength(); if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) {inputStream = connection.getInputStream();//会隐式调用connect()baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();int readLen;byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];while ((readLen = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) { baos.write(bytes, 0, readLen);}backStr = baos.toString();Log.i(TAG, 'backStr:' + backStr); } else {Log.e(TAG, '请求失败 code:' + connection.getResponseCode()); } } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try {if (baos != null) { baos.close();}if (inputStream != null) { inputStream.close();} } catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace(); } } return backStr; }

以上这篇浅谈Java HttpURLConnection请求方式就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持好吧啦网。