Java实现邮件发送的过程及代码详解

Java实现邮件发送

一、邮件服务器与传输协议

要在网络上实现邮件功能，必须要有专门的邮件服务器。这些邮件服务器类似于现实生活中的邮局，它主要负责接收用户投递过来的邮件，并把邮件投递到邮件接收者的电子邮箱中。

SMTP服务器地址：一般是 smtp.xxx.com，比如163邮箱是smtp.163.com，qq邮箱是smtp.qq.com。

SMTP协议通常把处理用户smtp请求(邮件发送请求)的服务器称之为SMTP服务器(邮件发送服务器)。

POP3协议通常把处理用户pop3请求(邮件接收请求)的服务器称之为POP3服务器(邮件接收服务器)。

二、Java发送邮件

使用到的jar包：

QQ邮箱需获取相应的权限：

QQ邮箱?>邮箱设置?>账户?>POP3/IMAP/SMTP/Exchange/CardDAV/CalDAV服务 开启POP3/SMTP服务，然后获取16位授权码（注意不要将授权码泄露，一个账户可以拥有多个授权码）

Java实现纯文本邮件发送

package org.westos.email;import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;import javax.mail.*;import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;import java.util.Properties;public class SendEamil { public static void main(String[] args) throws MessagingException, GeneralSecurityException { //创建一个配置文件并保存 Properties properties = new Properties(); properties.setProperty('mail.host','smtp.qq.com'); properties.setProperty('mail.transport.protocol','smtp'); properties.setProperty('mail.smtp.auth','true'); //QQ存在一个特性设置SSL加密 MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory(); sf.setTrustAllHosts(true); properties.put('mail.smtp.ssl.enable', 'true'); properties.put('mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory', sf); //创建一个session对象 Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, new Authenticator() { @Override protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() { return new PasswordAuthentication('619046217@qq.com','16位授权码'); } }); //开启debug模式 session.setDebug(true); //获取连接对象 Transport transport = session.getTransport(); //连接服务器 transport.connect('smtp.qq.com','619046217@qq.com','16位授权码'); //创建邮件对象 MimeMessage mimeMessage = new MimeMessage(session); //邮件发送人 mimeMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress('619046217@qq.com')); //邮件接收人 mimeMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,new InternetAddress('875203654@qq.com')); //邮件标题 mimeMessage.setSubject('Hello Mail'); //邮件内容 mimeMessage.setContent('我的想法是把代码放进一个循环里','text/html;charset=UTF-8'); //发送邮件 transport.sendMessage(mimeMessage,mimeMessage.getAllRecipients()); //关闭连接 transport.close(); }}

Java实现文本图片附件复杂的邮件发送

MIME（多用途互联网邮件扩展类型）

MimeBodyPart类

javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart类 表示的是一个MIME消息，它和MimeMessage类一样都是从Part接口继承过来。

MimeMultipart类

javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart是抽象类 Multipart的实现子类,它用来组合多个MIME消息。一个MimeMultipart对象可以包含多个代表MIME消息的MimeBodyPart对象

package org.westos.email;import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;import javax.activation.DataHandler;import javax.activation.FileDataSource;import javax.mail.*;import javax.mail.internet.*;import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;import java.util.Properties;public class SendComplexEmail { public static void main(String[] args) throws GeneralSecurityException, MessagingException { Properties prop = new Properties(); prop.setProperty('mail.host', 'smtp.qq.com'); //// 设置QQ邮件服务器 prop.setProperty('mail.transport.protocol', 'smtp'); // 邮件发送协议 prop.setProperty('mail.smtp.auth', 'true'); // 需要验证用户名密码 // QQ邮箱设置SSL加密 MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory(); sf.setTrustAllHosts(true); prop.put('mail.smtp.ssl.enable', 'true'); prop.put('mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory', sf); //1、创建定义整个应用程序所需的环境信息的 Session 对象 Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(prop, new Authenticator() { @Override protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() { //传入发件人的姓名和授权码 return new PasswordAuthentication('619046217@qq.com','16位授权码'); } }); //2、通过session获取transport对象 Transport transport = session.getTransport(); //3、通过transport对象邮箱用户名和授权码连接邮箱服务器 transport.connect('smtp.qq.com','619046217@qq.com','16位授权码'); //4、创建邮件,传入session对象 MimeMessage mimeMessage = complexEmail(session); //5、发送邮件 transport.sendMessage(mimeMessage,mimeMessage.getAllRecipients()); //6、关闭连接 transport.close(); } public static MimeMessage complexEmail(Session session) throws MessagingException { //消息的固定信息 MimeMessage mimeMessage = new MimeMessage(session); //发件人 mimeMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress('619046217@qq.com')); //收件人 mimeMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,new InternetAddress('619046217@qq.com')); //邮件标题 mimeMessage.setSubject('带图片和附件的邮件'); //邮件内容 //准备图片数据 MimeBodyPart image = new MimeBodyPart(); DataHandler handler = new DataHandler(new FileDataSource('E:IdeaProjectsWebEmailresources测试图片.png')); image.setDataHandler(handler); image.setContentID('test.png'); //设置图片id //准备文本 MimeBodyPart text = new MimeBodyPart(); text.setContent('这是一段文本<img src=’cid:test.png’>','text/html;charset=utf-8'); //附件 MimeBodyPart appendix = new MimeBodyPart(); appendix.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(new FileDataSource('E:IdeaProjectsWebEmailresources测试文件.txt'))); appendix.setFileName('test.txt'); //拼装邮件正文 MimeMultipart mimeMultipart = new MimeMultipart(); mimeMultipart.addBodyPart(image); mimeMultipart.addBodyPart(text); mimeMultipart.setSubType('related');//文本和图片内嵌成功 //将拼装好的正文内容设置为主体 MimeBodyPart contentText = new MimeBodyPart(); contentText.setContent(mimeMultipart); //拼接附件 MimeMultipart allFile = new MimeMultipart(); allFile.addBodyPart(appendix);//附件 allFile.addBodyPart(contentText);//正文 allFile.setSubType('mixed'); //正文和附件都存在邮件中，所有类型设置为mixed //放到Message消息中 mimeMessage.setContent(allFile); mimeMessage.saveChanges();//保存修改 return mimeMessage; }}

JavaWeb发送邮件(网站注册成功发送提示邮件)

1.User

package org.westos.mail;public class User { private String name; private String password; private String mail; public User() { } public User(String name, String password, String mail) { this.name = name; this.password = password; this.mail = mail; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } public String getMail() { return mail; } public void setMail(String mail) { this.mail = mail; } @Override public String toString() { return 'User{' + 'name=’' + name + ’’’ + ', password=’' + password + ’’’ + ', mail=’' + mail + ’’’ + ’}’; }}

2.Servlet

package org.westos.mail;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import java.io.IOException;public class Servlet extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet { protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request,response); } protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { //处理前端请求 String username = request.getParameter('username'); String password = request.getParameter('password'); String email = request.getParameter('email'); //将信息封装进user对象 User user = new User(username, password, email); SendMail sendMail = new SendMail(user); sendMail.start(); //开启线程 request.setAttribute('msg','发送成功'); try { request.getRequestDispatcher('msg.jsp').forward(request,response); } catch (ServletException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }}

3.SengMail

package org.westos.mail;import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;import javax.mail.*;import javax.mail.internet.AddressException;import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;import java.security.PublicKey;import java.util.Properties;public class SendMail extends Thread { //发件人信息 private String From = '619046217@qq.com'; //发件人邮箱 private String recipient = '619046217@qq.com'; //邮箱密码 private String password = '16位授权码'; //邮件发送的服务器 private String host = 'smtp.qq.com'; //收件人信息 private User user; public SendMail(User user){ this.user = user; } @Override public void run() { try { Properties properties = new Properties(); properties.setProperty('mail.host','smtp.qq.com'); properties.setProperty('mail.transport.protocol','smtp'); properties.setProperty('mail.smtp.auth','true'); //QQ存在一个特性设置SSL加密 MailSSLSocketFactory sf = null; try { sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory(); } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } sf.setTrustAllHosts(true); properties.put('mail.smtp.ssl.enable', 'true'); properties.put('mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory', sf); //创建一个session对象 Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, new Authenticator() { @Override protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() { return new PasswordAuthentication(recipient,password); } }); //开启debug模式 session.setDebug(true); //获取连接对象 Transport transport = null; try { transport = session.getTransport(); } catch (NoSuchProviderException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } //连接服务器 transport.connect(host,From,password); //创建一个邮件发送对象 MimeMessage mimeMessage = new MimeMessage(session); //邮件发送人 mimeMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress(recipient)); //邮件接收人 mimeMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,new InternetAddress(user.getMail())); //邮件标题 mimeMessage.setSubject('网站注册成功'); //邮件内容 mimeMessage.setContent('网站注册成功，密码为'+user.getPassword()+'，请妥善保管密码','text/html;charset=UTF-8'); //发送邮件 transport.sendMessage(mimeMessage,mimeMessage.getAllRecipients()); transport.close(); }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } }}

4.register.jsp

<%@ page contentType='text/html;charset=UTF-8' language='java' %><html><head> <title>注册页面</title></head><body><form action='${pageContext.request.contextPath}/a.do' method='post'> <p>用户名：<input type='text' name='username' required></p> <p>密码：<input type='password' name='password' required></p> <p>邮箱：<input type='email' name='email' required></p> <p><input type='submit' value='提交'></p></form></body></html>

5.msg.jsp

<%@ page contentType='text/html;charset=UTF-8' language='java' %><html><head> <title>Title</title></head><body>${msg}</body></html>

6.web.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><web-app xmlns='http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xsi:schemaLocation='http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd' version='4.0'> <servlet> <servlet-name>Servlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.westos.mail.Servlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>Servlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/a.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping></web-app>

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