Vue实现电梯样式锚点导航效果流程详解

目录

• 1、目标效果
• 2、原理
• 3、源代码

1、目标效果

最近喝了不少的咖啡、奶茶，有一个效果我倒是挺好奇怎么实现的：

（1）点击左侧分类菜单，右侧滚动到该分类区域

（2）右侧滑动屏幕，左侧显示当前所处的分类区域

这种功能会出现在商城项目中或者分类数量较多的项目中，专业名称称电梯导航

目标效果：

（1）点击左侧的分类，右侧滑动到指定区域

（2）滚动右侧区域，左边分类显示当前所处的分类区域

2、原理

（1）这要用到原生js关于偏移量和位置相关的api，这些api建立在你的布局是定位的基础上，父亲相对定位，左边分类和右边商品都是绝对定位

（2）左边分类要与右侧商品模块数量一一相等（数量和位置都要对应相等），否则实现不了电梯导航效果

（3）点击左侧分类，右侧跳转到对应模块；这用到了window.scrollTo(水平方向距离，竖直方向距离)

（4）右侧滑动，左侧发生相应的变化，这要用到滚动事件，vue中使用滚动事件需要再onMounted()生命周期注册一下滚动事件

onMounted(() => {    window.addEventListener("scroll", handleScroll);})

（5）如何判断滚动到什么程度左侧才显示对应的模块？

• dom.offsetTop：每个dom元素有该属性，表示距离顶部窗口的距离
• document.documentElement.scrollTop：表示页面滚动的距离
• document.documentElement.scrollTop >=dom.offsetTop：显示对应的模块，可以通过遍历商品模块数组，拿到对应的索引，然后设置左边分类对应的dom为激活状态

（6） 出现一个问题：window.scrollTo()将模块滚动至某一位置 与页面滚动事件 发生了冲突，此时可以添加一个互斥变量isLock，等window.scrollTo()滚动结束之后，再放开锁

    // 获取选中的dom元素    const typeItemDom = shop.value[val]    // 开锁    isLock.value = true    // 第一个参数为水平方向，第二个参数为纵轴方向    window.scrollTo(0, typeItemDom.offsetTop)    setTimeout(() => {//关锁isLock.value = false    }, 0)

（7）为什么放开锁要在setTimeout里面？根据js事件循环机制，同步任务（主线程代码、new Promise里面的代码）执行速度快于异步任务（setTimeout、setInterval、ajax、promise.then里面的任务），这样才能确保锁是在window.scrollTo() 执行完毕之后才打开的

3、源代码

App.vue

 <template>  <div>    <ClassifyByVue></ClassifyByVue>  </div></template><script setup>// import ClassifyByJs from "./components/ClassifyByJS.vue";import ClassifyByVue from "./components/ClassifyByVue.vue";</script><style>* {  padding: 0;  margin: 0;}</style>

ClassifyByVue.vue

<template>    <div><div>    <div :class="{ active: currentIndex == index }" v-for="(item, index) in types"@click="changeType(index)">{{ item }}    </div></div><div @scroll="handleScroll">    <div v-for="(item, index) in shops" :key="index" ref="shop"><div>{{ item.category }}</div><div v-for="(i, j) in item.data" :key="j">    <div><img src="/vite.svg" />    </div>    <div><div>{{ i.name }}</div><div>{{ i.type }}</div><div>{{ i.desc }}</div><div>购买</div>    </div></div>    </div></div>    </div></template><script setup>import { ref, onMounted, onBeforeUnmount, nextTick } from "vue"let isLock = ref(false)// 分类let types = ref([    "人气Top",    "爆款套餐",    "大师咖啡",    "小黑杯",    "中国茶咖",    "生椰家族",    "厚乳拿铁",    "丝绒拿铁",    "生酪拿铁",    "经典拿铁",])// 商品let shops = ref([    {category: "人气Top",data: [    {name: "冰吸生椰拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "生椰拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "摸鱼生椰拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "茉莉花香拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "丝绒拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    },    {name: "小甘橘美式",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    },]    },    {category: "爆款套餐",data: [    {name: "2杯套餐",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "3杯套餐",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "4杯套餐",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "5杯套餐",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "不喝咖啡套餐",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    },    {name: "必喝套餐",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    },]    },    {category: "大师咖啡",data: [    {name: "美式",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "加浓美式",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "橙C美式",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "澳瑞白",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "卡布奇诺",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    },    {name: "玛奇朵",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    },]    },    {category: "小黑杯",data: [    {name: "云南小柑橘",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "广东小柑橘",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "广西小柑橘",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "福建小柑橘",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "湖南小柑橘",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    },    {name: "江西小柑橘",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    },]    },    {category: "中国茶咖",data: [    {name: "碧螺知春拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "茉莉花香拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "菊花香拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "梅花香拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "兰花香拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    },    {name: "玫瑰花香拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    },]    },    {category: "生椰家族",data: [    {name: "冰吸生椰拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "生椰拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "摸鱼生椰拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "椰云拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "丝绒拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    },    {name: "陨石拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    },]    },    {category: "厚乳拿铁",data: [    {name: "厚乳拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "生椰拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "茉莉花香拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "椰云拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "丝绒拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    },    {name: "海盐拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    },]    },    {category: "丝绒拿铁",data: [    {name: "丝绒拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "生椰丝绒拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "黑糖丝绒拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "椰云丝绒拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "香草丝绒拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }]    },    {category: "生酪拿铁",data: [    {name: "生酪拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "绿豆拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "红豆拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "黑豆拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "黄豆拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }]    },    {category: "经典拿铁",data: [    {name: "拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "陨石拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "焦糖拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "生椰拿铁",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }, {name: "美式",type: "咖啡",desc: "咖啡"    }]    },])// 获取右侧商品的ref实例let shop = ref(null)// 用来表示当前选中处于激活状态的分类的索引let currentIndex = ref(0)// 切换类型const changeType = val => {    currentIndex.value = val    // 获取选中的dom元素    const typeItemDom = shop.value[val]    // 开锁    isLock.value = true    // 第一个参数为水平方向，第二个参数为纵轴方向    window.scrollTo(0, typeItemDom.offsetTop)    setTimeout(() => {//关锁isLock.value = false    }, 0)}// 监听页面滚动const handleScroll = () => {    // 锁关了滚动事件才有效    if (!isLock.value) {types.value.forEach((item, index) => {    // console.dir(shop.value[index]);    const shopItemDom = shop.value[index]    // 每个模块距离顶部的距离    const offsetTop = shopItemDom.offsetTop    // 页面滚动的距离    const scrollTop = document.documentElement.scrollTop    if (scrollTop >= offsetTop) {// 给左边分类设置激活的效果currentIndex.value = index    }})    }}onMounted(() => {    window.addEventListener("scroll", handleScroll);})onBeforeUnmount(() => {    window.removeEventListener("scroll", handleScroll);})</script><style scoped lang="less">.classify {    display: flex;    position: relative;    .left {display: flex;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;position: fixed;left: 0;top: 0;bottom: 0;width: 92px;overflow-y: scroll;border-right: 1px solid #C1C2C4;.item {    display: flex;    justify-content: center;    align-items: center;    width: 67px;    height: 29px;    font-size: 15px;    font-family: PingFang SC-Semibold, PingFang SC;    font-weight: 600;    color: #333333;}.active {    color: #00B1FF;}.item:not(:last-child) {    margin-bottom: 25px;}    }    .right {flex: 1;position: absolute;top: 0;right: 17px;overflow-y: scroll;.title {    font-size: 18px;    margin-bottom: 5px;}.item {    display: flex;    justify-content: space-between;    margin-bottom: 17px;    width: 246px;    height: 73px;    .photo {width: 58px;height: 58px;img {    width: 100%;    height: 100%;    border-radius: 12px;    border: 1px solid gray;}    }    .info {display: flex;flex-direction: column;position: relative;width: 171px;height: 73px;box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px 0px rgba(221, 221, 221, 1);.name {    padding-left: 0;    font-size: 17px;    font-weight: 600;    color: #333333;}.type,.desc {    font-size: 14px;    font-weight: 400;    color: #999999;}.buy {    display: flex;    align-items: center;    justify-content: center;    position: absolute;    right: 0;    top: 17px;    width: 67px;    height: 29px;    background: #E7E8EA;    border-radius: 21px;    font-size: 15px;    font-family: PingFang SC-Semibold, PingFang SC;    font-weight: 600;    color: #05AFFA;}    }}    }}</style>

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