IOS中判断卡顿的方案总结
FPS (Frames Per Second) 是图像领域中的定义,表示每秒渲染帧数,通常用于衡量画面的流畅度,每秒帧数越多,则表示画面越流畅,60fps 最佳,一般我们的APP的FPS 只要保持在 50-60之间,用户体验都是比较流畅的。
监测FPS也有好几种,这里只说最常用的方案,我最早是在YYFPSLabel中看到的。实现原理实现原理是向主线程的RunLoop的添加一个commonModes的CADisplayLink,每次屏幕刷新的时候都要执行CADisplayLink的方法,所以可以统计1s内屏幕刷新的次数,也就是FPS了,下面贴上我用Swift实现的代码:
class WeakProxy: NSObject {weak var target: NSObjectProtocol?init(target: NSObjectProtocol) {self.target = targetsuper.init() }override func responds(to aSelector: Selector!) -> Bool {return (target?.responds(to: aSelector) ?? false) || super.responds(to: aSelector) }override func forwardingTarget(for aSelector: Selector!) -> Any? {return target }}class FPSLabel: UILabel {var link:CADisplayLink!//记录方法执行次数var count: Int = 0//记录上次方法执行的时间,通过link.timestamp - _lastTime计算时间间隔var lastTime: TimeInterval = 0var _font: UIFont!var _subFont: UIFont! fileprivate let defaultSize = CGSize(width: 55,height: 20)override init(frame: CGRect) {super.init(frame: frame)if frame.size.width == 0 && frame.size.height == 0 {self.frame.size = defaultSize}self.layer.cornerRadius = 5self.clipsToBounds = trueself.textAlignment = NSTextAlignment.centerself.isUserInteractionEnabled = falseself.backgroundColor = UIColor.white.withAlphaComponent(0.7)_font = UIFont(name: 'Menlo', size: 14)if _font != nil { _subFont = UIFont(name: 'Menlo', size: 4)}else{ _font = UIFont(name: 'Courier', size: 14) _subFont = UIFont(name: 'Courier', size: 4)}link = CADisplayLink(target: WeakProxy.init(target: self), selector: #selector(FPSLabel.tick(link:)))link.add(to: RunLoop.main, forMode: .commonModes) }//CADisplayLink 刷新执行的方法@objc func tick(link: CADisplayLink) {guard lastTime != 0 else { lastTime = link.timestampreturn}count += 1let timePassed = link.timestamp - lastTime//时间大于等于1秒计算一次,也就是FPSLabel刷新的间隔,不希望太频繁刷新guard timePassed >= 1 else {return}lastTime = link.timestamplet fps = Double(count) / timePassedcount = 0let progress = fps / 60.0let color = UIColor(hue: CGFloat(0.27 * (progress - 0.2)), saturation: 1, brightness: 0.9, alpha: 1)let text = NSMutableAttributedString(string: '(Int(round(fps))) FPS')text.addAttribute(NSAttributedStringKey.foregroundColor, value: color, range: NSRange(location: 0, length: text.length - 3))text.addAttribute(NSAttributedStringKey.foregroundColor, value: UIColor.white, range: NSRange(location: text.length - 3, length: 3))text.addAttribute(NSAttributedStringKey.font, value: _font, range: NSRange(location: 0, length: text.length))text.addAttribute(NSAttributedStringKey.font, value: _subFont, range: NSRange(location: text.length - 4, length: 1))self.attributedText = text }// 把displaylin从Runloop modes中移除deinit {link.invalidate() }required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {fatalError('init(coder:) has not been implemented') }}RunLoop
其实FPS中CADisplayLink的使用也是基于RunLoop,都依赖main RunLoop。我们来看看
先来看看简版的RunLoop的代码
// 1.进入loop__CFRunLoopRun(runloop, currentMode, seconds, returnAfterSourceHandled)// 2.RunLoop 即将触发 Timer 回调。__CFRunLoopDoObservers(runloop, currentMode, kCFRunLoopBeforeTimers);// 3.RunLoop 即将触发 Source0 (非port) 回调。__CFRunLoopDoObservers(runloop, currentMode, kCFRunLoopBeforeSources);// 4.RunLoop 触发 Source0 (非port) 回调。sourceHandledThisLoop = __CFRunLoopDoSources0(runloop, currentMode, stopAfterHandle)// 5.执行被加入的block__CFRunLoopDoBlocks(runloop, currentMode);// 6.RunLoop 的线程即将进入休眠(sleep)。__CFRunLoopDoObservers(runloop, currentMode, kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting);// 7.调用 mach_msg 等待接受 mach_port 的消息。线程将进入休眠, 直到被下面某一个事件唤醒。__CFRunLoopServiceMachPort(waitSet, &msg, sizeof(msg_buffer), &livePort)// 进入休眠// 8.RunLoop 的线程刚刚被唤醒了。__CFRunLoopDoObservers(runloop, currentMode, kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting// 9.如果一个 Timer 到时间了,触发这个Timer的回调__CFRunLoopDoTimers(runloop, currentMode, mach_absolute_time())// 10.如果有dispatch到main_queue的block,执行bloc __CFRUNLOOP_IS_SERVICING_THE_MAIN_DISPATCH_QUEUE__(msg);// 11.如果一个 Source1 (基于port) 发出事件了,处理这个事件__CFRunLoopDoSource1(runloop, currentMode, source1, msg);// 12.RunLoop 即将退出__CFRunLoopDoObservers(rl, currentMode, kCFRunLoopExit);
我们可以看到RunLoop调用方法主要集中在kCFRunLoopBeforeSources和kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting之间,有人可能会问kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting之后也有一些方法调用,为什么不监测呢,我的理解,大部分导致卡顿的的方法是在kCFRunLoopBeforeSources和kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting之间,比如source0主要是处理App内部事件,App自己负责管理(出发),如UIEvent(Touch事件等,GS发起到RunLoop运行再到事件回调到UI)、CFSocketRef。开辟一个子线程,然后实时计算 kCFRunLoopBeforeSources 和 kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting 两个状态区域之间的耗时是否超过某个阀值,来断定主线程的卡顿情况。
这里做法又有点不同,iOS实时卡顿监控3 是设置连续5次超时50ms认为卡顿,戴铭在 GCDFetchFeed4 中设置的是连续3次超时80ms认为卡顿的代码。以下是iOS实时卡顿监控中提供的代码:
- (void)start{if (observer)return;// 信号 semaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(0);// 注册RunLoop状态观察CFRunLoopObserverContext context = {0,(__bridge void*)self,NULL,NULL}; observer = CFRunLoopObserverCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFRunLoopAllActivities,YES,0, &runLoopObserverCallBack, &context);CFRunLoopAddObserver(CFRunLoopGetMain(), observer, kCFRunLoopCommonModes);// 在子线程监控时长dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^{while (YES){long st = dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore, dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, 50*NSEC_PER_MSEC));if (st != 0) {if (!observer){ timeoutCount = 0; semaphore = 0; activity = 0;return;}if (activity==kCFRunLoopBeforeSources || activity==kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting){if (++timeoutCount < 5)continue; PLCrashReporterConfig *config = [[PLCrashReporterConfig alloc] initWithSignalHandlerType:PLCrashReporterSignalHandlerTypeBSD symbolicationStrategy:PLCrashReporterSymbolicationStrategyAll]; PLCrashReporter *crashReporter = [[PLCrashReporter alloc] initWithConfiguration:config];NSData *data = [crashReporter generateLiveReport]; PLCrashReport *reporter = [[PLCrashReport alloc] initWithData:data error:NULL];NSString *report = [PLCrashReportTextFormatter stringValueForCrashReport:reporter withTextFormat:PLCrashReportTextFormatiOS];NSLog(@'------------n%@n------------', report);} } timeoutCount = 0;} });}子线程Ping
但是由于主线程的RunLoop在闲置时基本处于Before Waiting状态,这就导致了即便没有发生任何卡顿,这种检测方式也总能认定主线程处在卡顿状态。这套卡顿监控方案大致思路为:创建一个子线程通过信号量去ping主线程,因为ping的时候主线程肯定是在kCFRunLoopBeforeSources和kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting之间。每次检测时设置标记位为YES,然后派发任务到主线程中将标记位设置为NO。接着子线程沉睡超时阙值时长,判断标志位是否成功设置成NO,如果没有说明主线程发生了卡顿。ANREye5中就是使用子线程Ping的方式监测卡顿的。
@interface PingThread : NSThread......@end@implementation PingThread- (void)main { [self pingMainThread];}- (void)pingMainThread {while (!self.cancelled) {@autoreleasepool {dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{[_lock unlock]; });CFAbsoluteTime pingTime = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent();NSArray *callSymbols = [StackBacktrace backtraceMainThread]; [_lock lock];if (CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() - pingTime >= _threshold) {...... } [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval: _interval];} }}@end
以下是我用Swift实现的:
public class CatonMonitor {enum Constants {static let timeOutInterval: TimeInterval = 0.05static let queueTitle = 'com.roy.PerformanceMonitor.CatonMonitor' }private var queue: DispatchQueue = DispatchQueue(label: Constants.queueTitle)private var isMonitoring = falseprivate var semaphore: DispatchSemaphore = DispatchSemaphore(value: 0)public init() {}public func start() {guard !isMonitoring else { return }isMonitoring = truequeue.async {while self.isMonitoring {var timeout = trueDispatchQueue.main.async { timeout = falseself.semaphore.signal()}Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: Constants.timeOutInterval)if timeout {let symbols = RCBacktrace.callstack(.main)for symbol in symbols {print(symbol.description) }}self.semaphore.wait() }} }public func stop() {guard isMonitoring else { return }isMonitoring = false }}CPU超过了80%
这个是Matrix-iOS 卡顿监控提到的:
我们也认为 CPU 过高也可能导致应用出现卡顿,所以在子线程检查主线程状态的同时,如果检测到 CPU 占用过高,会捕获当前的线程快照保存到文件中。目前微信应用中认为,单核 CPU 的占用超过了 80%,此时的 CPU 占用就过高了。
这种方式一般不能单独拿来作为卡顿监测,但可以像微信Matrix一样配合其他方式一起工作。
戴铭在GCDFetchFeed中如果CPU 的占用超过了 80%也捕获函数调用栈,以下是代码:
#define CPUMONITORRATE 80+ (void)updateCPU {thread_act_array_t threads;mach_msg_type_number_t threadCount = 0;const task_t thisTask = mach_task_self();kern_return_t kr = task_threads(thisTask, &threads, &threadCount);if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {return; }for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) {thread_info_data_t threadInfo;thread_basic_info_t threadBaseInfo;mach_msg_type_number_t threadInfoCount = THREAD_INFO_MAX;if (thread_info((thread_act_t)threads[i], THREAD_BASIC_INFO, (thread_info_t)threadInfo, &threadInfoCount) == KERN_SUCCESS) { threadBaseInfo = (thread_basic_info_t)threadInfo;if (!(threadBaseInfo->flags & TH_FLAGS_IDLE)) {integer_t cpuUsage = threadBaseInfo->cpu_usage / 10;if (cpuUsage > CPUMONITORRATE) {//cup 消耗大于设置值时打印和记录堆栈 NSString *reStr = smStackOfThread(threads[i]); SMCallStackModel *model = [[SMCallStackModel alloc] init]; model.stackStr = reStr;//记录数据库中 [[[SMLagDB shareInstance] increaseWithStackModel:model] subscribeNext:^(id x) {}];// NSLog(@'CPU useage overload thread stack:n%@',reStr);} }} }}卡顿方法的栈信息
当我们得到卡顿的时间点,就要立即拿到卡顿的堆栈,有两种方式一种是遍历栈帧,实现原理我在iOS获取任意线程调用栈7写的挺详细的,同时开源了代码RCBacktrace,另一种方式是通过Signal获取任意线程调用栈,实现原理我在通过Signal handling(信号处理)获取任意线程调用栈写了,代码在backtrace-swift,但这种方式在调试时比较麻烦,建议用第一种方式。
以上就是IOS中判断卡顿的方案总结的详细内容,更多关于IOS卡顿检测的资料请关注好吧啦网其它相关文章!
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