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Android AIDL实现与服务相互调用方式

【字号: 日期:2022-09-26 11:31:58浏览:2作者:猪猪

通过AIDL接口在进程间传递数据,记录在开发中遇到的一写问题

AIDL支持数据类型如下:

1. Java 的原生类型

2. String 和CharSequence

3. List 和 Map ,List和Map 对象的元素必须是AIDL支持的数据类型; 以上三种类型都不需要导入(import)

4. AIDL 自动生成的接口 需要导入(import)

5. 实现android.os.Parcelable 接口的类. 需要导入(import)。

问题1 在传递非基础数据时 在参数前需加修饰符

void getDatas(in byte[] bs); void DataWhole(in PackageData data);}

这里重点是in、out、inout修饰符以及Parcelable的使用!常见的是in、Parcelable,少用的out、inout。

这几种修饰符,可理解如下:

in:客户端的参数输入;

out:服务端的参数输入;

inout:这个可以叫输入输出参数,客户端可输入、服务端也可输入。客户端输入了参数到服务端后,服务端也可对该参数进行修改等,最后在客户端上得到的是服务端输出的参数。

问题2 传递对象时的必要操作

1.必需实现Parcelable接口,内部类必需为静态内部类

2.需在aidl目录创建同类名的AIDL文件,并声明Parcelable,如图

Android AIDL实现与服务相互调用方式

AIDL文件代码就两行

Android AIDL实现与服务相互调用方式

问题3 参数大小的限制

如上在传递byte[] 长度大于1024*1024时会抛出 TransactionTooLargeException 异常

问题4 实现与服务之间互相调用

1.在绑定服务时会返回一个实现了AIDL的对象,这样可以通过对象调用服务中对应实现,

2.可以在应用层实现一个AIDL接口的对象,通过绑定服务返回的AIDL对象回传给服务,这样可以在服务中主动调用应用层的方法实现数据回传通知,

//接收回调INotification notification = new INotification.Stub() { @Override public void Datas(byte[] bs) throws RemoteException { Log.d(TAG, 'Datas: 收到数据=' + Arrays.toString(bs));//已测试 最大数据1024*1024 } }

//传递回调对象void setNotification(in INotification Notification);

@Overridepublic void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { iAidlInterface = IAidlInterface.Stub.asInterface(service); try { iAidlInterface.setNotification(notification); } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }}

补充知识:在Android系统中实现AIDL功能

之前实现AIDL的功能都是通过eclipse或者android studio工具实现,最近由于项目需要,需要系统层提供接口给应用层使用,所以想到使用AIDL。下面已一个非常简单的Demo来说明在Android系统平台生成AIDL的jar供应用层使用。

一、AIDL的jar制作

首先新建一个android项目来用生产aidl的jar包,项目结构如下:

gunder@gunder:/mnt/hgfs/ubuntuShare/aidl/SimpleJar$ tree.├── Android.mk└── src └── com └── china └── jar ├── IVoiceClientInterface.aidl └── VoiceManager.java

只有三个文件,首先看一下IVoiceClientInterface.aidl文件:

package com.china.jar; interface IVoiceClientInterface{ void face();}

里面只有一个简单的方法face。 IVoiceClientInterface.aidl主要是服务器端来实现的,而VoiceManager.java是供客户端调用face方法使用的。VoiceManager.java具体实现如下:

package com.china.jar; import com.china.jar.IVoiceClientInterface; import android.os.Handler;import android.os.HandlerThread;import android.os.Message;import android.os.RemoteException;import android.util.Log;import android.os.ServiceManager; public class VoiceManager {private static final String TAG = 'VoiceManager';private static VoiceManager mVoiceManager;private static IVoiceClientInterface mService = null;public static final String NAME = 'simple_jar';public static final boolean DEBUG_DATA = true;private final HandlerThread mWorkThread;private final Handler mWorkHander;private static final int MSG_INIT_SERVICE = 0x01;//单例模式public static synchronized VoiceManager getInstance(){if (null == mVoiceManager){synchronized (VoiceManager.class) {if (null == mVoiceManager){mVoiceManager = new VoiceManager();}}}return mVoiceManager;}private VoiceManager(){mWorkThread = new HandlerThread('simple_manager');mWorkThread.start();mWorkHander = new Handler(mWorkThread.getLooper()){@Overridepublic void handleMessage(Message msg) {switch (msg.what) {case MSG_INIT_SERVICE:removeMessages(MSG_INIT_SERVICE);break; default:break;}}};}//获取服务端注册的NAME服务并跟服务端建立连接private synchronized IVoiceClientInterface getService(){if (null == mService){Log.e(TAG, 'IVocieService init');mService = IVoiceClientInterface.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManager .getService(NAME));}if (null == mService){Log.e(TAG, 'jar service is null');mWorkHander.removeMessages(MSG_INIT_SERVICE);mWorkHander.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(MSG_INIT_SERVICE, 100);}return mService;} //调用服务端的face方法,实现两个不同app之间的进程间通信public void face(){Log.d(TAG, 'face');mService = getService();if (null == mService){Log.e(TAG, 'face mService is null!');return ;}try{mService.face();}catch(RemoteException e){e.printStackTrace();}}}

Android.mk文件主要是用来将IVoiceClientInterface.aidl和VoiceManager.java编译成jar包,以方便在eclipse或者Android Studio中使用。

LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)include $(CLEAR_VARS) LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(call all-java-files-under, src)LOCAL_JAVA_LIBRARIES := simpleLOCAL_PACKAGE_NAME := SimpleServiceLOCAL_CERTIFICATE :=platforminclude $(BUILD_PACKAGE)

将该项目放置到android系统的packages/apps目录单编就可以生产out/target/common/obj/JAVA_LIBRARIES/SimpleJar_intermediates/classes.jar,classes.jar就可以导入eclipse或者Android Studio中使用。

二、服务端实现AIDL中的接口demo目录结构如下:

gunder@gunder:/mnt/hgfs/ubuntuShare/aidl/SimpleJarService$ tree .├── AndroidManifest.xml├── Android.mk├── libs│ └── simple.jar├── res│ ├── drawable-hdpi│ │ └── ic_launcher.png│ ├── drawable-ldpi│ ├── drawable-mdpi│ │ └── ic_launcher.png│ ├── drawable-xhdpi│ │ └── ic_launcher.png│ ├── layout│ ├── values│ │ ├── strings.xml│ │ └── styles.xml│ ├── values-v11│ │ └── styles.xml│ └── values-v14│ └── styles.xml└── src└── com└── china└── service├── BootReceiverBroadcast.java├── Logger.java└── SimpleService.java

主要实现只有5个文件:SimpleService.java、Logger.java、BootReceiverBroadcast.java、 Android.mk、 AndroidManifest.xml。SimpleService.java是实现AIDL的服务,具体实现如下:

package com.china.service; import com.china.jar.IVoiceClientInterface;import com.china.jar.VoiceManager; import android.app.Service;import android.content.Intent;import android.os.IBinder;import android.os.RemoteException;import android.os.ServiceManager; public class SimpleService extends Service{private static VoiceClientInterfaceImpl mBinder;@Overridepublic IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {Logger.d();return mBinder;//跟客户端绑定}@Overridepublic void onCreate() {super.onCreate();Logger.d();if (null == mBinder){initService();}}@Overridepublic int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {Logger.d();if (null == mBinder){initService();}return START_STICKY;}//实现AIDL的接口private class VoiceClientInterfaceImpl extends IVoiceClientInterface.Stub{@Overridepublic void face() throws RemoteException {Logger.d('face----excute!');//客户端调用face方法时这里会执行,会打印face----excute!}}//初始化服务,主要是向系统注册服务private void initService(){Logger.d();if (null == mBinder){synchronized (SimpleService.class) {if (null == mBinder){try {mBinder = new VoiceClientInterfaceImpl();ServiceManager.addService(VoiceManager.NAME, mBinder);} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}}}}

Logger.java是打印Log的简单封装,具体如下:

package com.china.service; import android.util.Log; import java.util.Locale; public class Logger { public static final boolean DEBUG = true; public static final String DEFAULT_TAG = 'AIOS_'; public Logger(){} public static void d(){ if (DEBUG){ Log.d(DEFAULT_TAG,getPrefix()); } } public static void d(String msg){ if (DEBUG){ Log.d(DEFAULT_TAG, getPrefix() + msg); } } public static void d(String msg, Throwable tr){ if (DEBUG){ Log.d(DEFAULT_TAG, getPrefix() + msg, tr); } } private static String getPrefix(){ StackTraceElement stackTraceElement = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[4]; String className = stackTraceElement.getClassName(); int classNameStartIndex = className.lastIndexOf('.') + 1; className = className.substring(classNameStartIndex); String methodName = stackTraceElement.getMethodName(); int methodLine = stackTraceElement.getLineNumber(); String format = '%s_%s(L:%d)'; return String.format(Locale.CANADA, format, className, methodName, methodLine); } }

BootReceiverBroadcast.java是开机完成的时候拉起 SimpleService服务,具体实现如下:

package com.china.service; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;import android.content.Context;import android.content.Intent; public class BootReceiverBroadcast extends BroadcastReceiver{ @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { Logger.d(); Intent service = new Intent(context, SimpleService.class);//开机启动会拉起服务SimpleService context.startService(service); }}

Android.mk具体实现如下:

LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)include $(CLEAR_VARS) LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(call all-java-files-under, src)LOCAL_PACKAGE_NAME := SimpleServiceLOCAL_CERTIFICATE :=platformLOCAL_PRIVILEGED_MODULE := falseLOCAL_DEX_PREOPT := falseLOCAL_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARIES := simpleinclude $(BUILD_PACKAGE)include $(CLEAR_VARS)LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional LOCAL_PREBUILT_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARIES :=simple:libs/simple.jar include $(BUILD_MULTI_PREBUILT)include $(call all-makefiles-under,$(LOCAL_PATH))

这里的simple.jar是第一步中制作的classes.jar。 AndroidManifest.xml配置文件如下:

<manifest xmlns:android='http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android' package='com.chinatsp.service' android:versionCode='1' android:versionName='1.0' android:sharedUserId='android.uid.system' > <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion='8' android:targetSdkVersion='21' /> <uses-permission android:name='android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED'/> <application android:allowBackup='true' android:icon='@drawable/ic_launcher' android:label='@string/app_name' android:theme='@style/AppTheme' > <service android:name='com.china.service.SimpleService'></service> <receiver android:name='com.china.service.BootReceiverBroadcast'> <intent-filter> <action android:name='android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED'/> <!-- <category android:name='android.intent.category.LAUNCHER'/> --> </intent-filter> </receiver> </application> </manifest>

到这里服务端就实现完了。

三、客户端实现AIDL的接口调用demo目录结构如下:

gunder@gunder:/mnt/hgfs/ubuntuShare/aidl/SimpleJarClient$ tree .├── AndroidManifest.xml├── Android.mk├── libs│ └── simple.jar├── res│ ├── drawable-hdpi│ │ └── ic_launcher.png│ ├── drawable-ldpi│ ├── drawable-mdpi│ │ └── ic_launcher.png│ ├── drawable-xhdpi│ │ └── ic_launcher.png│ ├── drawable-xxhdpi│ │ └── ic_launcher.png│ ├── layout│ │ ├── activity_main.xml│ │ ├── activity_tss.xml│ │ └── test.xml│ ├── menu│ ├── values│ │ ├── dimens.xml│ │ └── strings.xml│ ├── values-v11│ ├── values-v14│ └── values-w820dp│ └── dimens.xml└── src└── com└── example└── helloworld├── TestVoice.java└── util└── Logger.java

这里主要看5个文件:Logger.java、 test.xml、TestVoice.java、Android.mk、AndroidManifest.xml,其中Logger.java跟服务端代码一样的。TestVoice.java的实现也很简单,在button调用face方法,具体实现如下:

package com.example.helloworld; import android.app.Activity;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.View; import com.example.helloworld.util.Logger; public class TestVoice extends Activity{ @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.test); } public void startVoice(View view){ Logger.d(); } public void stopVoice(View view){ Logger.d(); com.china.jar.VoiceManager.getInstance().face(); } public void finishVoice(View view){ Logger.d(); finish(); } }

test.xml布局如下:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?><LinearLayout xmlns:android='http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android' android:layout_width='match_parent' android:layout_height='match_parent' android:orientation='vertical' > <Button android:layout_width='wrap_content' android:layout_height='wrap_content' android:onClick='startVoice' android:text='@string/tts_start'/> <Button android:layout_width='wrap_content' android:layout_height='wrap_content' android:onClick='stopVoice' android:text='@string/tts_stop'/> <Button android:layout_width='wrap_content' android:layout_height='wrap_content' android:onClick='finishVoice' android:text='@string/tts_finish'/> </LinearLayout>

Android.mk实现如下:

LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)include $(CLEAR_VARS)LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(call all-java-files-under, src)LOCAL_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARIES := simpleLOCAL_PREBUILT_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARIES := simple.jar #LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS :=optionalLOCAL_PACKAGE_NAME := Hello#LOCAL_CERTIFICATE :=platform#LOCAL_PRIVILEGED_MODULE := false#LOCAL_DEX_PREOPT := falseinclude $(BUILD_PACKAGE)

AndroidManifest.xml实现如下:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?><manifest xmlns:android='http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android' package='com.example.helloworld' android:versionCode='1' android:versionName='1.0' > <uses-permission android:name='android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS'/> <uses-permission android:name='android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE'/> <uses-permission android:name='android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE' /> <uses-permission android:name='android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE' /> <uses-permission android:name='android.permission.INTERNET' /> <uses-permission android:name='android.permission.BLUETOOTH' /> <uses-permission android:name='android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN' /> <uses-permission android:name='android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE' /> <uses-permission android:name='android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS'/> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion='8' android:targetSdkVersion='21' /> <application android:allowBackup='true' android:icon='@drawable/ic_launcher' android:label='@string/app_name' > <activity android:name='com.example.helloworld.TestVoice' android:label='@string/app_name' > <intent-filter> <action android:name='android.intent.action.MAIN' /> <category android:name='android.intent.category.LAUNCHER' /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> </manifest>

到这里客户端也实现了。将服务端跟客户端的apk安装到系统就可以测试了。

测试结果打印如下:

Android AIDL实现与服务相互调用方式

以上这篇Android AIDL实现与服务相互调用方式就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持好吧啦网。

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