Android7.0以上Uri转路径的方法实现(已验证)

网络上看到过很多种Uri转路径的方法，可基本上都只适用于很少的Uri值，可能没有结果(例如，对于由MediaStore索引的非本地文件)，也可能没有可用的结果(例如，对于可移动存储上的文件)。

解决方法

使用ContentResolver和openInputStream()在Uri标识的内容上获取InputStream。在控制的文件上使用InputStream和FileOutputStream复制内容，然后使用该文件。

代码如下：

private static String getFilePathForN(Context context, Uri uri) { try { Cursor returnCursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, null, null, null, null); int nameIndex = returnCursor.getColumnIndex(OpenableColumns.DISPLAY_NAME); returnCursor.moveToFirst(); String name = (returnCursor.getString(nameIndex)); File file = new File(context.getFilesDir(), name); InputStream inputStream = context.getContentResolver().openInputStream(uri); FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(file); int read = 0; int maxBufferSize = 1 * 1024 * 1024; int bytesAvailable = inputStream.available(); int bufferSize = Math.min(bytesAvailable, maxBufferSize); final byte[] buffers = new byte[bufferSize]; while ((read = inputStream.read(buffers)) != -1) { outputStream.write(buffers, 0, read); } returnCursor.close(); inputStream.close(); outputStream.close(); return file.getPath(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null;}

附上全系统的代码：

/** * 文件Uri转路径（兼容各品牌手机） */public class PathUtils { /** * android7.0以上处理方法 */ private static String getFilePathForN(Context context, Uri uri) { try { Cursor returnCursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, null, null, null, null); int nameIndex = returnCursor.getColumnIndex(OpenableColumns.DISPLAY_NAME); returnCursor.moveToFirst(); String name = (returnCursor.getString(nameIndex)); File file = new File(context.getFilesDir(), name); InputStream inputStream = context.getContentResolver().openInputStream(uri); FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(file); int read = 0; int maxBufferSize = 1 * 1024 * 1024; int bytesAvailable = inputStream.available(); int bufferSize = Math.min(bytesAvailable, maxBufferSize); final byte[] buffers = new byte[bufferSize]; while ((read = inputStream.read(buffers)) != -1) {outputStream.write(buffers, 0, read); } returnCursor.close(); inputStream.close(); outputStream.close(); return file.getPath(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } /** * 全平台处理方法 */ public static String getPath(final Context context, final Uri uri) throws Exception { final boolean isKitKat = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT; final boolean isN = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N; if (isN) { return getFilePathForN(context, uri); } // DocumentProvider if (isKitKat && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) { // ExternalStorageProvider if (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) {final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);final String[] split = docId.split(':');final String type = split[0];if ('primary'.equalsIgnoreCase(type)) { return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + '/' + split[1];} } // DownloadsProvider else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) {final String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);final Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId( Uri.parse('content://downloads/public_downloads'), StringUtils.toLong(id));return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, null, null); } // MediaProvider else if (isMediaDocument(uri)) {final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);final String[] split = docId.split(':');final String type = split[0];Uri contentUri = null;if ('image'.equals(type)) { contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;} else if ('video'.equals(type)) { contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;} else if ('audio'.equals(type)) { contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;}final String selection = '_id=?';final String[] selectionArgs = new String[] { split[1]};return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, selection, selectionArgs); } } // MediaStore (and general) else if ('content'.equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) { return getDataColumn(context, uri, null, null); } // File else if ('file'.equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) { return uri.getPath(); } return null; } /** * 获取此Uri的数据列的值。这对于MediaStore uri和其他基于文件的内容提供程序非常有用。 */ public static String getDataColumn(Context context, Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) { Cursor cursor = null; final String column = '_data'; final String[] projection = {column }; try { cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null); if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {final int column_index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(column);return cursor.getString(column_index); } } catch (IllegalArgumentException e){ //do nothing } finally { if (cursor != null)cursor.close(); } return null; } public static boolean isExternalStorageDocument(Uri uri) { return 'com.android.externalstorage.documents'.equals(uri.getAuthority()); } public static boolean isDownloadsDocument(Uri uri) { return 'com.android.providers.downloads.documents'.equals(uri.getAuthority()); } public static boolean isMediaDocument(Uri uri) { return 'com.android.providers.media.documents'.equals(uri.getAuthority()); }}

参考资料：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/42508383/illegalargumentexception-column-data-does-not-exist

另发现一篇，亲测，Android 4.4到Android 10可用，测试的系统有VIVO、OPPO、MIUI、EMUI...

解决的国内产商问题：华为的黄色图标管理器，他返回了4.4的标准的Uri了，不是4.4以上的标准的Uri，导致解析的时候，判断到版本 > 4.4，然后用了4.4以上的标准的解析，然后失败了，并非不回调。

直接可用的代码片段：

public class FileUtils { private Context context; public FileUtils(Context context) { this.context = context; } public String getFilePathByUri(Uri uri) { // 以 file:// 开头的 if (ContentResolver.SCHEME_FILE.equals(uri.getScheme())) { return uri.getPath(); } // 以/storage开头的也直接返回 if (isOtherDocument(uri)) { return uri.getPath(); } // 版本兼容的获取！ String path = getFilePathByUri_BELOWAPI11(uri); if (path != null) { LogUtils.d('getFilePathByUri_BELOWAPI11获取到的路径为：' + path); return path; } path = getFilePathByUri_API11to18(uri); if (path != null) { LogUtils.d('getFilePathByUri_API11to18获取到的路径为：' + path); return path; } path = getFilePathByUri_API19(uri); LogUtils.d('getFilePathByUri_API19获取到的路径为：' + path); return path; } private String getFilePathByUri_BELOWAPI11(Uri uri) { // 以 content:// 开头的，比如 content://media/extenral/images/media/17766 if (ContentResolver.SCHEME_CONTENT.equals(uri.getScheme())) { String path = null; String[] projection = new String[]{MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA}; Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, null, null, null); if (cursor != null) {if (cursor.moveToFirst()) { int columnIndex = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA); if (columnIndex > -1) { path = cursor.getString(columnIndex); }}cursor.close(); } return path; } return null; } private String getFilePathByUri_API11to18(Uri contentUri) { String[] projection = {MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA}; String result = null; CursorLoader cursorLoader = new CursorLoader(context, contentUri, projection, null, null, null); Cursor cursor = cursorLoader.loadInBackground(); if (cursor != null) { int column_index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA); cursor.moveToFirst(); result = cursor.getString(column_index); cursor.close(); } return result; } private String getFilePathByUri_API19(Uri uri) { // 4.4及之后的 是以 content:// 开头的，比如 content://com.android.providers.media.documents/document/image%3A235700 if (ContentResolver.SCHEME_CONTENT.equals(uri.getScheme()) && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) { if (DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) {if (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) { // ExternalStorageProvider String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri); String[] split = docId.split(':'); String type = split[0]; if ('primary'.equalsIgnoreCase(type)) { if (split.length > 1) { return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + '/' + split[1]; } else { return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + '/'; } // This is for checking SD Card }} else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) { //下载内容提供者时应当判断下载管理器是否被禁用 int stateCode = context.getPackageManager().getApplicationEnabledSetting('com.android.providers.downloads'); if (stateCode != 0 && stateCode != 1) { return null; } String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri); // 如果出现这个RAW地址，我们则可以直接返回! if (id.startsWith('raw:')) { return id.replaceFirst('raw:', ''); } if (id.contains(':')) { String[] tmp = id.split(':'); if (tmp.length > 1) { id = tmp[1]; } } Uri contentUri = Uri.parse('content://downloads/public_downloads'); LogUtils.d('测试打印Uri: ' + uri); try { contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(contentUri, Long.parseLong(id)); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } String path = getDataColumn(contentUri, null, null); if (path != null) return path; // 兼容某些特殊情况下的文件管理器! String fileName = getFileNameByUri(uri); if (fileName != null) { path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().toString() + '/Download/' + fileName; return path; }} else if (isMediaDocument(uri)) { // MediaProvider String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri); String[] split = docId.split(':'); String type = split[0]; Uri contentUri = null; if ('image'.equals(type)) { contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI; } else if ('video'.equals(type)) { contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI; } else if ('audio'.equals(type)) { contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI; } String selection = '_id=?'; String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{split[1]}; return getDataColumn(contentUri, selection, selectionArgs);} } } return null; } private String getFileNameByUri(Uri uri) { String relativePath = getFileRelativePathByUri_API18(uri); if (relativePath == null) relativePath = ''; final String[] projection = {MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME }; try (Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, null, null, null)) { if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {int index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME);return relativePath + cursor.getString(index); } } return null; } private String getFileRelativePathByUri_API18(Uri uri) { final String[] projection; if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) { projection = new String[]{ MediaStore.MediaColumns.RELATIVE_PATH }; try (Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, null, null, null)) {if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) { int index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.MediaColumns.RELATIVE_PATH); return cursor.getString(index);} } } return null; } private String getDataColumn(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) { final String column = MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA; final String[] projection = {column}; try (Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null)) { if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {final int column_index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(column);return cursor.getString(column_index); } } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) { iae.printStackTrace(); } return null; } private boolean isExternalStorageDocument(Uri uri) { return 'com.android.externalstorage.documents'.equals(uri.getAuthority()); } private boolean isOtherDocument(Uri uri) { // 以/storage开头的也直接返回 if (uri != null && uri.getPath() != null) { String path = uri.getPath(); if (path.startsWith('/storage')) {return true; } if (path.startsWith('/external_files')) {return true; } } return false; } private boolean isDownloadsDocument(Uri uri) { return 'com.android.providers.downloads.documents'.equals(uri.getAuthority()); } private boolean isMediaDocument(Uri uri) { return 'com.android.providers.media.documents'.equals(uri.getAuthority()); }}

调用 getFilePathByUri(Uri uri) 即可获得最终的路径。

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