Android中网络框架简单封装的实例方法

Android中网络框架的简单封装

前言

Android作为一款主要应用在移动终端的操作系统，访问网络是必不可少的功能。访问网络，最基本的接口有：HttpUrlConnection,HttpClient，而在后续的发展中，出现了Volley，OkHttp，Retrofit等网络封装库。由于各种原因，在实际的项目开发中，我们可能会需要在项目的版本迭代中，切换网络框架。如果对于网络框架没有好的封装，那么当需要切换网络框架时，可能就会有大量的迁移工作要做。

封装网络框架

在架构设计中，面向接口和抽象，是解耦的一个重要原则。本文将基于这一原则，实现一个简单的网络框架封装。

定义网络访问的接口

抽取出不同网络框架的共同方法，定义成接口方法。

public interface IHttpLoader { /** * GET方式请求 * * @param url * @param params * @param callback */ void get(String url, Map<String, Object> params, IHttpCallback callback); /** * POST方式请求 * * @param url * @param params * @param callback */ void post(String url, Map<String, Object> params, IHttpCallback callback);}

定义网络访问的Callback

public interface IHttpCallback { /** * 成功时的回调 * * @param result */ void onSuccess(String result); /** * 失败时的回调 * * @param msg */ void onFailed(String msg);}

定义具体的接口实现类

分别对具体的网络框架进行接口实现，这里以Volley和OkHttp为例

Volley的实现类

public class VolleyHttpLoader implements IHttpLoader { private static RequestQueue mRequestQueue; public VolleyHttpLoader(Context context) { mRequestQueue = Volley.newRequestQueue(context); } @Override public void get(String url, Map<String, Object> params, final IHttpCallback callback) { StringRequest request = new StringRequest(Request.Method.GET, url,new Response.Listener<String>() { @Override public void onResponse(String s) { callback.onSuccess(s); }}, new Response.ErrorListener() { @Override public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError volleyError) {callback.onFailed(volleyError.toString()); } }); mRequestQueue.add(request); } @Override public void post(String url, Map<String, Object> params, final IHttpCallback callback) { StringRequest request = new StringRequest(Request.Method.POST, url,new Response.Listener<String>() { @Override public void onResponse(String s) { callback.onSuccess(s); }}, new Response.ErrorListener() { @Override public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError volleyError) {callback.onFailed(volleyError.toString()); } }); mRequestQueue.add(request); }}

OkHttp的实现类

public class OkHttpLoader implements IHttpLoader { private static OkHttpClient mOkHttpClient; public OkHttpLoader() { mOkHttpClient = new OkHttpClient(); } @Override public void get(String url, Map<String, Object> params, final IHttpCallback callback) { Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).build(); mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() { @Override public void onFailure(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull IOException e) {callback.onFailed(e.toString()); } @Override public void onResponse(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull Response response) throws IOException {if (response.isSuccessful()) { String result = response.body().string(); callback.onSuccess(result);} else { callback.onFailed(response.message());} } }); } @Override public void post(String url, Map<String, Object> params, final IHttpCallback callback) { RequestBody requestBody = appendBody(params); Request request = new Request.Builder().post(requestBody).url(url).build(); mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() { @Override public void onFailure(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull IOException e) {callback.onFailed(e.toString()); } @Override public void onResponse(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull Response response) throws IOException {if (response.isSuccessful()) { String result = response.body().string(); callback.onSuccess(result);} else { callback.onFailed(response.message());} } }); } private RequestBody appendBody(Map<String, Object> params) { FormBody.Builder body = new FormBody.Builder(); if (params == null || params.isEmpty()) { return body.build(); } for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : params.entrySet()) { body.add(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue().toString()); } return body.build(); }}

定义Callback的实现

public abstract class HttpCallback<Result> implements IHttpCallback { @Override public void onSuccess(String result) { Gson gson = new Gson(); Class<?> clazz = analysisClazzInfo(this); Result resultObj = (Result) gson.fromJson(result, clazz); onSuccess(resultObj); } /** * 成功时的回调 * * @param result */ public abstract void onSuccess(Result result); private Class<?> analysisClazzInfo(Object object) { Type genType = object.getClass().getGenericSuperclass(); Type[] params = ((ParameterizedType) genType).getActualTypeArguments(); return (Class<?>) params[0]; }}

返回的数据Bean

public class Data { private int errorCode; private String errorMsg; private List<DataBean> data; public int getErrorCode() { return errorCode; } public void setErrorCode(int errorCode) { this.errorCode = errorCode; } public String getErrorMsg() { return errorMsg; } public void setErrorMsg(String errorMsg) { this.errorMsg = errorMsg; } public List<DataBean> getData() { return data; } public void setData(List<DataBean> data) { this.data = data; } public static class DataBean { private int courseId; private int id; private String name; private int order; private int parentChapterId; private boolean userControlSetTop; private int visible; private List<?> children; public int getCourseId() { return courseId; } public void setCourseId(int courseId) { this.courseId = courseId; } public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getOrder() { return order; } public void setOrder(int order) { this.order = order; } public int getParentChapterId() { return parentChapterId; } public void setParentChapterId(int parentChapterId) { this.parentChapterId = parentChapterId; } public boolean isUserControlSetTop() { return userControlSetTop; } public void setUserControlSetTop(boolean userControlSetTop) { this.userControlSetTop = userControlSetTop; } public int getVisible() { return visible; } public void setVisible(int visible) { this.visible = visible; } public List<?> getChildren() { return children; } public void setChildren(List<?> children) { this.children = children; } @Override public String toString() { return 'DataBean{' + 'courseId=' + courseId + ', id=' + id + ', name=’' + name + ’’’ + ', order=' + order + ', parentChapterId=' + parentChapterId + ', userControlSetTop=' + userControlSetTop + ', visible=' + visible + ', children=' + children + ’}’; } } @Override public String toString() { return 'Data{' +'errorCode=' + errorCode +', errorMsg=’' + errorMsg + ’’’ +', data=' + data +’}’; }}

定义统一管理类

public class HttpHelper implements IHttpLoader { private static IHttpLoader mHttpLoader; private HttpHelper() { } public static void init(IHttpLoader httpLoader) { mHttpLoader = httpLoader; } public static HttpHelper obtain() { return HttpHelperHolder.INSTANCE; } static class HttpHelperHolder { private static HttpHelper INSTANCE = new HttpHelper(); } @Override public void get(String url, Map<String, Object> params, IHttpCallback callback) { mHttpLoader.get(url, params, callback); } @Override public void post(String url, Map<String, Object> params, IHttpCallback callback) { mHttpLoader.post(url, params, callback); }}

在Application中初始化

定义一个继承自Application的类，在onCreate方法中初始化网络访问

public class App extends Application { @Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate();// HttpHelper.init(new OkHttpLoader()); HttpHelper.init(new VolleyHttpLoader(this)); }}

后续如果需要切换网络框架，只需要在这里修改就可以了。

应用

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private static final String URL_HTTP = 'https://www.wanandroid.com/wxarticle/chapters/json'; private ImageView mIv; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); mTv = findViewById(R.id.tv); findViewById(R.id.btn_get).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) {HttpHelper.obtain().get(URL_HTTP, null, new HttpCallback<Data>() { @Override public void onFailed(final String msg) { runOnUiThread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() {mTv.setText(msg); } }); } @Override public void onSuccess(final Data data) { runOnUiThread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() {mTv.setText(data.toString()); } }); }}); } }); }}

结束

这里介绍的，其实只是一个封装的思路。基于这个思路，还可以封装常用的图片访问库等。可以自由拓展。

源码地址：https://github.com/milovetingting/Samples/tree/master/Loader

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