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Vue 级联下拉框的设计与实现

浏览:15日期:2022-09-28 10:57:04
目录1.数据库设计2.前端页面3.一个完整的demo

​ 在前端开发中,级联选择框是经常用到的,这样不仅可以增加用户输入的友好性,还能减少前后端交互的数据量。本文以elementUI为例,使用其余UI组件大致思想也都相同。

1.数据库设计

​ 所有的相关数据皆可存在一张表中,这样数据就可以不受层级的限制。

​ 表结构可以参考如下建表SQL:

CREATE TABLE `supplies_type` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `category_type` varchar(64) NOT NULL COMMENT ’类别种类:大类、中类、小类’, `big_category_name` varchar(64) NOT NULL COMMENT ’大类名称’, `middle_category_name` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT ’中类名称’, `small_category_name` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT ’小类名称’, `parent_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `create_time` timestamp NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, `create_user_name` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT ’创建人用户名’, `update_time` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, `is_deleted` tinyint(1) DEFAULT ’0’ COMMENT ’是否删除,1表示已删除’, PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

数据库截图如下图所示,注:本系统为了减少查询次数,故冗余了一些字段,读者可根据自己的需求调整。

Vue 级联下拉框的设计与实现

核心设计在于parent_id,根据parent_id字段即可查询到子类,结果如下图所示:

Vue 级联下拉框的设计与实现

Vue 级联下拉框的设计与实现

2.前端页面

​ 前端页面效果如下:

Vue 级联下拉框的设计与实现

Html代码如下:

<div class='app-container'> <span style='margin-left:120px;margin-right: 20px;width: 150px;display: inline-block;'>大类:</span> <el-select v-model='big' placeholder='请选择' @change='getSuppliesType(big)' style='width: 19%;'> <el-optionv-for='item in bigTypes':key='item.bigCategoryName':label='item.bigCategoryName':value='item.id'> </el-option> </el-select> <span style='margin-left:120px;margin-right: 20px; width: 150px;display: inline-block;'>中类:</span> <el-select v-model='middle' placeholder='请选择' @change='getSuppliesType(middle)' style='width: 19%;'> <el-optionv-for='item in middleTypes':key='item.middleCategoryName':label='item.middleCategoryName':value='item.id'> </el-option> </el-select> <br> <br> <br> <span style='margin-left:120px;margin-right: 20px;width: 150px; margin-top:20px; display: inline-block;'>小类:</span> <el-select v-model='small' placeholder='请选择' style='width: 19%;'> <el-optionv-for='item in smallTypes':key='item.smallCategoryName':label='item.smallCategoryName':value='item.id'> </el-option> </el-select></div>

​ 上面的item.smallCategoryName、item.smallCategoryName数据为后端从数据库中查询出来的数据(驼峰命名),后端只负责查询、并返回结果。

Vue中数据定义如下:

data() { return {big: ’’,bigTypes: null,middle: ’’,middleTypes: null,small: ’’,smallTypes: null }},

在页面初始化时,自动获取大类列表:

created() {this.getSuppliesType(0)},

页面中的getSuppliesType方法如下:

getSuppliesType(id) { this.listLoading = true const queryData = { parentId: id } //此处的调用后端接口按照自己的调用方式写即可 //此处的getSuppliersType是项目中自己封装的util中的方法 //如果请求方式是post,JSON.stringify(queryData) //如果请求方式是get,queryData getSuppliersType(JSON.stringify(queryData)).then(response => { console.log(response) console.log(response.data[0].categoryType) //根据type自动向三个下拉框赋值 if (response.data[0].categoryType === ’BIG’) { this.bigTypes = response.data } else if (response.data[0].categoryType === ’MIDDLE’) { this.middleTypes = response.data } else { this.smallTypes = response.data } this.listLoading = false }).catch(function (error) { console.log(error) this.listLoading = false })},3.一个完整的demo

​ 下面这个页面为完成代码,其中的数据为部分数据,后台接口获取使用JS来完成。

<template> <div class='app-container'> <span style='margin-left:120px;margin-right: 20px;width: 150px;display: inline-block;'>大类:</span> <el-select v-model='big' placeholder='请选择' @change='getSuppliesType(big)' style='width: 19%;'> <el-optionv-for='item in bigTypes':key='item.bigCategoryName':label='item.bigCategoryName':value='item.id'> </el-option> </el-select> <span style='margin-left:120px;margin-right: 20px; width: 150px;display: inline-block;'>中类:</span> <el-select v-model='middle' placeholder='请选择' @change='getSuppliesType(middle)' style='width: 19%;'> <el-optionv-for='item in middleTypes':key='item.middleCategoryName':label='item.middleCategoryName':value='item.id'> </el-option> </el-select> <br> <br> <br> <span style='margin-left:120px;margin-right: 20px;width: 150px; margin-top:20px; display: inline-block;'>小类:</span> <el-select v-model='small' placeholder='请选择' style='width: 19%;'> <el-optionv-for='item in smallTypes':key='item.smallCategoryName':label='item.smallCategoryName':value='item.id'> </el-option> </el-select> <br> <br> <br> <el-button type='primary' round @click.native.prevent='commit'>添加</el-button> <el-button type='primary' round @click.native.prevent='cancel'>取消</el-button> </div></template><script> export default {filters: { parseTime(timestamp) {return parseTime(timestamp, null) }},data() { return {big: ’’,bigTypes: null,middle: ’’,middleTypes: null,small: ’’,smallTypes: null,dataList: [ {'id':1,'categoryType':'BIG','bigCategoryName':'1.现场管理与保障','middleCategoryName':null,'smallCategoryName':null,'parentId':0,'createTime':'2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000','createUserName':null,'updateTime':'2021-07-04T13:34:31.000+0000','isDeleted':false}, {'id':27,'categoryType':'BIG','bigCategoryName':'2.生命救援与生活救助','middleCategoryName':null,'smallCategoryName':null,'parentId':0,'createTime':'2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000','createUserName':null,'updateTime':null,'isDeleted':false}, {'id':2,'categoryType':'MIDDLE','bigCategoryName':'1.现场管理与保障','middleCategoryName':'1.1现场监测','smallCategoryName':null,'parentId':1,'createTime':'2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000','createUserName':null,'updateTime':null,'isDeleted':false}, {'id':10,'categoryType':'MIDDLE','bigCategoryName':'1.现场管理与保障','middleCategoryName':'1.2现场安全','smallCategoryName':null,'parentId':1,'createTime':'2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000','createUserName':null,'updateTime':null,'isDeleted':false}, {'id':3,'categoryType':'SMALL','bigCategoryName':'1.现场管理与保障','middleCategoryName':'1.1现场监测','smallCategoryName':'1.1.1气象监测','parentId':2,'createTime':'2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000','createUserName':null,'updateTime':null,'isDeleted':false}, {'id':4,'categoryType':'SMALL','bigCategoryName':'1.现场管理与保障','middleCategoryName':'1.1现场监测','smallCategoryName':'1.1.2地震监测','parentId':2,'createTime':'2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000','createUserName':null,'updateTime':null,'isDeleted':false}, {'id':5,'categoryType':'SMALL','bigCategoryName':'1.现场管理与保障','middleCategoryName':'1.1现场监测','smallCategoryName':'1.1.3地质灾害监测','parentId':2,'createTime':'2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000','createUserName':null,'updateTime':null,'isDeleted':false}, {'id':6,'categoryType':'SMALL','bigCategoryName':'1.现场管理与保障','middleCategoryName':'1.1现场监测','smallCategoryName':'1.1.4水文监测','parentId':2,'createTime':'2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000','createUserName':null,'updateTime':null,'isDeleted':false}, {'id':7,'categoryType':'SMALL','bigCategoryName':'1.现场管理与保障','middleCategoryName':'1.1现场监测','smallCategoryName':'1.1.5环境监测','parentId':2,'createTime':'2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000','createUserName':null,'updateTime':null,'isDeleted':false}, {'id':8,'categoryType':'SMALL','bigCategoryName':'1.现场管理与保障','middleCategoryName':'1.1现场监测','smallCategoryName':'1.1.6疫病监测','parentId':2,'createTime':'2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000','createUserName':null,'updateTime':null,'isDeleted':false}, {'id':9,'categoryType':'SMALL','bigCategoryName':'1.现场管理与保障','middleCategoryName':'1.1现场监测','smallCategoryName':'1.1.7观察测量','parentId':2,'createTime':'2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000','createUserName':null,'updateTime':null,'isDeleted':false}, {'id':11,'categoryType':'SMALL','bigCategoryName':'1.现场管理与保障','middleCategoryName':'1.2现场安全','smallCategoryName':'1.2.1现场照明','parentId':10,'createTime':'2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000','createUserName':null,'updateTime':null,'isDeleted':false}, {'id':12,'categoryType':'SMALL','bigCategoryName':'1.现场管理与保障','middleCategoryName':'1.2现场安全','smallCategoryName':'1.2.2现场警戒','parentId':10,'createTime':'2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000','createUserName':null,'updateTime':null,'isDeleted':false}, {'id':28,'categoryType':'MIDDLE','bigCategoryName':'2.生命救援与生活救助','middleCategoryName':'2.1人员安全防护','smallCategoryName':null,'parentId':27,'createTime':'2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000','createUserName':null,'updateTime':null,'isDeleted':false}, {'id':34,'categoryType':'MIDDLE','bigCategoryName':'2.生命救援与生活救助','middleCategoryName':'2.2生命搜救与营救','smallCategoryName':null,'parentId':27,'createTime':'2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000','createUserName':null,'updateTime':'2021-07-04T13:03:23.000+0000','isDeleted':false}, {'id':29,'categoryType':'SMALL','bigCategoryName':'2.生命救援与生活救助','middleCategoryName':'2.1人员安全防护','smallCategoryName':'2.1.1卫生防疫','parentId':28,'createTime':'2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000','createUserName':null,'updateTime':null,'isDeleted':false}, {'id':30,'categoryType':'SMALL','bigCategoryName':'2.生命救援与生活救助','middleCategoryName':'2.1人员安全防护','smallCategoryName':'2.1.2消防防护','parentId':28,'createTime':'2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000','createUserName':null,'updateTime':null,'isDeleted':false}, {'id':31,'categoryType':'SMALL','bigCategoryName':'2.生命救援与生活救助','middleCategoryName':'2.1人员安全防护','smallCategoryName':'2.1.3化学与放射','parentId':28,'createTime':'2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000','createUserName':null,'updateTime':null,'isDeleted':false}, {'id':32,'categoryType':'SMALL','bigCategoryName':'2.生命救援与生活救助','middleCategoryName':'2.1人员安全防护','smallCategoryName':'2.1.4防高空坠落','parentId':28,'createTime':'2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000','createUserName':null,'updateTime':null,'isDeleted':false}, {'id':33,'categoryType':'SMALL','bigCategoryName':'2.生命救援与生活救助','middleCategoryName':'2.1人员安全防护','smallCategoryName':'2.1.5通用防护','parentId':28,'createTime':'2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000','createUserName':null,'updateTime':null,'isDeleted':false}, {'id':35,'categoryType':'SMALL','bigCategoryName':'2.生命救援与生活救助','middleCategoryName':'2.2生命搜救与营救','smallCategoryName':'2.2.1生命搜索','parentId':34,'createTime':'2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000','createUserName':null,'updateTime':null,'isDeleted':false}, {'id':36,'categoryType':'SMALL','bigCategoryName':'2.生命救援与生活救助','middleCategoryName':'2.2生命搜救与营救','smallCategoryName':'2.2.2攀岩营救','parentId':34,'createTime':'2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000','createUserName':null,'updateTime':null,'isDeleted':false}, {'id':37,'categoryType':'SMALL','bigCategoryName':'2.生命救援与生活救助','middleCategoryName':'2.2生命搜救与营救','smallCategoryName':'2.2.3破拆起重','parentId':34,'createTime':'2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000','createUserName':null,'updateTime':null,'isDeleted':false}, {'id':38,'categoryType':'SMALL','bigCategoryName':'2.生命救援与生活救助','middleCategoryName':'2.2生命搜救与营救','smallCategoryName':'2.2.4水下营救','parentId':34,'createTime':'2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000','createUserName':null,'updateTime':null,'isDeleted':false}, {'id':39,'categoryType':'SMALL','bigCategoryName':'2.生命救援与生活救助','middleCategoryName':'2.2生命搜救与营救','smallCategoryName':'2.2.5通用工具','parentId':34,'createTime':'2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000','createUserName':null,'updateTime':null,'isDeleted':false} ] }},created() { this.getSuppliesType(0)},methods: { getSuppliesType(id) {const queryData = { parentId: id}//此处为js模拟,真实数据的获取还需要后台接口的支持getSuppliersType(JSON.stringify(queryData)).then(response => { console.log(response) console.log(response.data[0].categoryType) //存放此次查询结果 let tmpList = [] this.dataList.forEach((item, index) => {if(item.parentId === id){ tmpList.push(item)} }) if (tmpList[0].categoryType === ’BIG’) {this.bigTypes = tmpList } else if (response.data[0].categoryType === ’MIDDLE’) {this.middleTypes = tmpList } else {this.smallTypes = tmpList }}).catch(function (error) { console.log(error)}) }, commit() {console.log('点击了提交按钮') }, cancel() {this.$router.go(-1) }} }</script>

​ 又到了分隔线以下,本文到此就结束了,本文内容全部都是由博主自己进行整理并结合自身的理解进行总结

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