vue 组件基础知识总结
组件是可复用的Vue实例。
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset='utf-8'> <style> </style> <script src='https://cdn.staticfile.org/vue/2.4.2/vue.min.js'></script> </head> <body><div id='app'><button-counter></button-counter><button-counter></button-counter><button-counter></button-counter></div> <script>// 定义一个名为 button-counter 的新组件Vue.component(’button-counter’, {data: function () {return {count: 0}},template: ’<button v-on:click='count++'>点击了 {{ count }} 次.</button>’});new Vue({ el: ’#app’ }); </script> </body></html>
注意当点击按钮时，每个组件都会各自独立维护它的count。这里自定义组件的data属性必须是一个函数，每个实例维护一份被返回对象的独立的拷贝。
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset='utf-8'> <style> </style> <script src='https://cdn.staticfile.org/vue/2.4.2/vue.min.js'></script> </head> <body><div id='app'><button-counter></button-counter><button-counter></button-counter><button-counter></button-counter></div> <script>var buttonCounterData = {count: 0}// 定义一个名为 button-counter 的新组件Vue.component(’button-counter’, {data: function () {return buttonCounterData},template: ’<button v-on:click='count++'>点击了 {{ count }} 次.</button>’});new Vue({ el: ’#app’ }); </script> </body></html>2 通过 Prop 向子组件传递数据
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset='utf-8'> <style> </style> <script src='https://cdn.staticfile.org/vue/2.4.2/vue.min.js'></script> </head> <body><div id='app'><blog-post></blog-post><blog-post></blog-post><blog-post></blog-post></div> <script>Vue.component(’blog-post’, {props: [’title’],template: ’<h3>{{ title }}</h3>’})new Vue({ el: ’#app’ }); </script> </body></html>
这里<blog-post>组件就是通过自定义属性title来传递数据。我们可以使用v-bind来动态传递prop。
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset='utf-8'> <style> </style> <script src='https://cdn.staticfile.org/vue/2.4.2/vue.min.js'></script> </head> <body><div id='app'><blog-post v-for='post in posts' v-bind:key='post.id' v-bind:title='post.title'></blog-post></div> <script>Vue.component(’blog-post’, {props: [’title’],template: ’<h3>{{ title }}</h3>’})new Vue({el: ’#app’,data: {posts: [{ id: 1, title: ’My journey with Vue’ },{ id: 2, title: ’Blogging with Vue’ },{ id: 3, title: ’Why Vue is so fun’ }]}}); </script> </body></html>3 单个根元素
每个组件必须只有一个根元素。
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset='utf-8'> <style> </style> <script src='https://cdn.staticfile.org/vue/2.4.2/vue.min.js'></script> </head> <body><div id='app'><blog-post v-for='post in posts' v-bind:key='post.id' v-bind:post='post'></blog-post></div> <script>Vue.component(’blog-post’, {props: [’post’],template: `<div class='blog-post'><h3>{{ post.title }}</h3><div v-html='post.content'></div></div>`})new Vue({el: ’#app’,data: {posts: [{ id: 1, title: ’My journey with Vue’, content: ’my journey...’ },{ id: 2, title: ’Blogging with Vue’, content: ’my blog...’ },{ id: 3, title: ’Why Vue is so fun’, content: ’Vue is so fun...’ }]}}); </script> </body></html>
注意到v-bind:post='post'绑定的post是一个对象，这样可以避免了需要通过很多prop传递数据的麻烦。
4 监听子组件事件<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset='utf-8'> <style> </style> <script src='https://cdn.staticfile.org/vue/2.4.2/vue.min.js'></script> </head> <body><div id='app'><div :style='{fontSize: postFontSize + ’em’}'><blog-post v-for='post in posts' v-bind:key='post.id' v-bind:post='post'v-on:enlarge-text='postFontSize += 0.1' /></div></div> <script>Vue.component(’blog-post’, {props: [’post’],template: `<div class='blog-post'><h3>{{ post.title }}</h3><button v-on:click='$emit(’enlarge-text’)'>放大字体</button><div v-html='post.content'></div></div>`})new Vue({el: ’#app’,data: {postFontSize: 1,posts: [{ id: 1, title: ’My journey with Vue’, content: ’my journey...’ },{ id: 2, title: ’Blogging with Vue’, content: ’my blog...’ },{ id: 3, title: ’Why Vue is so fun’, content: ’Vue is so fun...’ }]}}); </script> </body></html>
子组件通过$emit方法并传入事件名称来触发一个事件。父组件可以接收该事件。
我们可以使用事件抛出一个值。
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset='utf-8'> <style> </style> <script src='https://cdn.staticfile.org/vue/2.4.2/vue.min.js'></script> </head> <body><div id='app'><div :style='{fontSize: postFontSize + ’em’}'><blog-post v-for='post in posts' v-bind:key='post.id' v-bind:post='post'v-on:enlarge-text='postFontSize += $event' /></div></div> <script>Vue.component(’blog-post’, {props: [’post’],template: `<div class='blog-post'><h3>{{ post.title }}</h3><button v-on:click='$emit(’enlarge-text’, 0.2)'>放大字体</button><div v-html='post.content'></div></div>`})new Vue({el: ’#app’,data: {postFontSize: 1,posts: [{ id: 1, title: ’My journey with Vue’, content: ’my journey...’ },{ id: 2, title: ’Blogging with Vue’, content: ’my blog...’ },{ id: 3, title: ’Why Vue is so fun’, content: ’Vue is so fun...’ }]}}); </script> </body></html>
在父组件中，我们可以通过$event访问到被抛出的这个值。我们可以在组件上使用v-model。
<!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset='utf-8'> <style> </style> <script src='https://cdn.staticfile.org/vue/2.4.2/vue.min.js'></script> </head> <body><div id='app'><!-- <input v-model='searchText'> --><input v-bind:value='searchText' v-on:input='searchText = $event.target.value'><p>{{ searchText }}</p></div> <script>new Vue({el: ’#app’,data: {searchText: ’’}}); </script> </body></html><!DOCTYPE html><html> <head> <meta charset='utf-8'> <style> </style> <script src='https://cdn.staticfile.org/vue/2.4.2/vue.min.js'></script> </head> <body><div id='app'><custom-input v-model='searchText'></custom-input><custom-input v-bind:value='searchText' v-on:input='searchText = $event'></custom-input><p>{{ searchText }}</p></div> <script>Vue.component(’custom-input’, {props: [’value’],template: `<input v-bind:value='value' v-on:input='$emit(’input’, $event.target.value)' >`})new Vue({el: ’#app’,data: {searchText: ’’}}); </script> </body></html>
最后，注意解析 DOM 模板时的注意事项。
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