log4net在Asp.net MVC4中的使用过程

目录1、安装log4net插件2、配置web.config文件3、初始化log4net4、定义异常拦截器5、后台线程轮询异常队列，将日志写入到文件6、控制器中定义异常测试方法7、启动程序测试action方法1、安装log4net插件

新建Asp.net MVC4项目，并在Nuget控制台输入命令，或者直接搜索log4net在线安装，安装log4net

>Install-Package log4net -Version 2.0.15

2、配置web.config文件<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?><!-- 有关如何配置 ASP.NET 应用程序的详细信息，请访问 https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=301880 --><configuration> <configSections> <section name='log4net' type='log4net.Config.Log4NetConfigurationSectionHandler,log4net'/> </configSections> <log4net> <root> <level value='ALL'></level> <appender-ref ref='SysAppender'></appender-ref> </root> <logger name='WebLogger'> <!--日志输出级别限制，只有大于或等于DEBUG级别才记录日志--> <level value='DEBUG'></level> </logger> <!--以滚动日志方式记录日志--> <appender name='SysAppender' type='log4net.Appender.RollingFileAppender,log4net'> <!--文件存放路径，在项目根目录App_Data下--> <param name='File' value='App_Data/'></param> <!--日志是否追加到文件--> <param name='AppendToFile' value='true'></param> <!--滚动日志文件按照日期风格生成--> <param name='RollingStyle' value='Date'></param> <!--日志文件的命名规则--> <param name='DatePattern' value='&quot;Logs_&quot;yyyyMMdd&quot;.txt&quot;'></param> <!--日志名称是否静态--> <param name='StaticLogFileName' value='false'></param> <!--日志内容的格式和布局--> <layout type='log4net.Layout.PatternLayout,log4net'><param name='ConversionPattern' value='%d [%t] %-5p %c - %m%n'></param><param name='Header' value='-------------------------header---------------------------'></param><param name='Footer' value='-------------------------footer---------------------------'></param> </layout> </appender> <!--按照控制台输出日志--> <appender name='ConsoleApp' type='log4net.Appender.ConsoleAppender,log4net'> <layout type='log4net.Layout.PatternLayout,log4net'><param name='ConversionPattern' value='%d [%t] %-5p %c - %m%n'></param> </layout> </appender> </log4net> <appSettings> <add key='webpages:Version' value='3.0.0.0' /> <add key='webpages:Enabled' value='false' /> <add key='ClientValidationEnabled' value='true' /> <add key='UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled' value='true' /> </appSettings> <system.web> <compilation debug='true' targetFramework='4.6.1' /> <httpRuntime targetFramework='4.6.1' /> <httpModules> <add name='ApplicationInsightsWebTracking' type='Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.Web.ApplicationInsightsHttpModule, Microsoft.AI.Web' /> </httpModules> </system.web> <runtime> <assemblyBinding xmlns='urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1'> <dependentAssembly><assemblyIdentity name='Antlr3.Runtime' publicKeyToken='eb42632606e9261f' /><bindingRedirect oldVersion='0.0.0.0-3.5.0.2' newVersion='3.5.0.2' /> </dependentAssembly> <dependentAssembly><assemblyIdentity name='System.Diagnostics.DiagnosticSource' publicKeyToken='cc7b13ffcd2ddd51' /><bindingRedirect oldVersion='0.0.0.0-4.0.2.1' newVersion='4.0.2.1' /> </dependentAssembly> <dependentAssembly><assemblyIdentity name='Newtonsoft.Json' publicKeyToken='30ad4fe6b2a6aeed' /><bindingRedirect oldVersion='0.0.0.0-11.0.0.0' newVersion='11.0.0.0' /> </dependentAssembly> <dependentAssembly><assemblyIdentity name='System.Web.Optimization' publicKeyToken='31bf3856ad364e35' /><bindingRedirect oldVersion='1.0.0.0-1.1.0.0' newVersion='1.1.0.0' /> </dependentAssembly> <dependentAssembly><assemblyIdentity name='WebGrease' publicKeyToken='31bf3856ad364e35' /><bindingRedirect oldVersion='0.0.0.0-1.6.5135.21930' newVersion='1.6.5135.21930' /> </dependentAssembly> <dependentAssembly><assemblyIdentity name='System.Web.Helpers' publicKeyToken='31bf3856ad364e35' /><bindingRedirect oldVersion='1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0' newVersion='3.0.0.0' /> </dependentAssembly> <dependentAssembly><assemblyIdentity name='System.Web.WebPages' publicKeyToken='31bf3856ad364e35' /><bindingRedirect oldVersion='1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0' newVersion='3.0.0.0' /> </dependentAssembly> <dependentAssembly><assemblyIdentity name='System.Web.Mvc' publicKeyToken='31bf3856ad364e35' /><bindingRedirect oldVersion='1.0.0.0-5.2.4.0' newVersion='5.2.4.0' /> </dependentAssembly> </assemblyBinding> </runtime> <system.webServer> <modules> <remove name='TelemetryCorrelationHttpModule' /> <add name='TelemetryCorrelationHttpModule' type='Microsoft.AspNet.TelemetryCorrelation.TelemetryCorrelationHttpModule, Microsoft.AspNet.TelemetryCorrelation' preCondition='integratedMode,managedHandler' /> <remove name='ApplicationInsightsWebTracking' /> <add name='ApplicationInsightsWebTracking' type='Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.Web.ApplicationInsightsHttpModule, Microsoft.AI.Web' preCondition='managedHandler' /> </modules> <validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration='false' /> </system.webServer> <system.codedom> <compilers> <compiler language='c#;cs;csharp' extension='.cs' type='Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.CSharpCodeProvider, Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35' warningLevel='4' compilerOptions='/langversion:default /nowarn:1659;1699;1701' /> <compiler language='vb;vbs;visualbasic;vbscript' extension='.vb' type='Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.VBCodeProvider, Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35' warningLevel='4' compilerOptions='/langversion:default /nowarn:41008 /define:_MYTYPE=\&quot;Web\&quot; /optionInfer+' /> </compilers> </system.codedom></configuration>

日志级别分类（从高到低）：OFF、FATAL、ERROR、WARN、INFO、DEBUG、ALL

3、初始化log4net

在Global.asax中初始化log4net配置

log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator.Configure();

4、定义异常拦截器

自定义异常拦截器，出现控制器action方法调用出现异常时，将异常信息统一加入到全局队列中，避免日志写入文件并发冲突。

public class MyErrorAttribute:HandleErrorAttribute {public static Queue<Exception> ExceptionQueue = new Queue<Exception>();public override void OnException(ExceptionContext filterContext){ ExceptionQueue.Enqueue(filterContext.Exception); base.OnException(filterContext);} }

将全局默认异常处理器替换为自己定义的。

public class FilterConfig {public static void RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilterCollection filters){ //filters.Add(new HandleErrorAttribute());//默认异常处理器 filters.Add(new MyErrorAttribute());//自定义异常处理器} }5、后台线程轮询异常队列，将日志写入到文件

启动类Global.asax.cs文件中定义后台线程，处理异常队列中日志的输出

//启动后台线程，周期性轮询异常队列，将异常输出到文件 ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(o => {while(true){ if(MyErrorAttribute.ExceptionQueue.Count>0) {Exception ex = MyErrorAttribute.ExceptionQueue.Dequeue();if(ex!=null){ ILog log = LogManager.GetLogger('testError'); log.Error(ex.ToString());}else{ Thread.Sleep(50);} } else {Thread.Sleep(50); }} });6、控制器中定义异常测试方法public ActionResult TestLog(){ int result = 0; int x = 1, y = 0; result = x / y; return View();}7、启动程序测试action方法

查看项目根目录App_Data，生成了日志文件Logs_20230520.txt

查看日志内容

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