SpringBoot整合Sharding-JDBC实现MySQL8读写分离

目录一.前言二.项目目录结构三.pom文件四.配置文件（基于YAML）及SQL建表语句五.Mapper.xml文件及Mapper接口六 .Controller及Mocel文件七.结果八.Sharding-JDBC不同版本上的配置一.前言

这是一个基于SpringBoot整合Sharding-JDBC实现读写分离的极简教程，笔者使用到的技术及版本如下：

SpringBoot 2.5.2 MyBatis-Plus 3.4.3 Sharding-JDBC 4.1.1 MySQL8集群（看笔者前一篇文章有部署教程）二.项目目录结构

三.pom文件

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><project xmlns='http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xsi:schemaLocation='http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd'> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.5.2</version><relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>xyz.hcworld</groupId> <artifactId>sharding-jdbc-demo</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>sharding-jdbc-demo</name> <description>多数据源切换实例</description> <properties><java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies><dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><!-- mybatis-plus依赖 --><dependency> <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>3.4.3</version></dependency><!-- mysql驱动 --><dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope></dependency><!-- sharding-jdbc（多数据源切换） --><dependency> <groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId> <artifactId>sharding-jdbc-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>4.1.1</version></dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope></dependency> </dependencies> <build><plugins> <plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId><configuration> <excludes><exclude> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId></exclude> </excludes></configuration> </plugin></plugins> </build></project>四.配置文件（基于YAML）及SQL建表语句

spring: main: allow-bean-definition-overriding: true #显示sql shardingsphere: props: sql:show: true masterslave: #配置主从名称 name: ms #置主库master,负责数据的写入 master-data-source-name: ds1 #配置从库slave节点 slave-data-source-names: ds2,ds3 #配置slave节点的负载均衡均衡策略,采用轮询机制，有两种算法：round_robin(轮询)和random(随机) load-balance-algorithm-type: round_robin sharding: #配置默认数据源ds1 默认数据源,主要用于写 default-data-source-name: ds1 # 配置数据源 datasource: names: ds1,ds2,ds3 #master-ds1数据库连接信息 ds1:type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSourcedriver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driverjdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.2.142:3307/sharding-jdbc-db?useUnicode=true&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghaiusername: rootpassword: 123456maxPoolSize: 100minPoolSize: 5 #slave-ds2数据库连接信息 ds2:type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSourcedriver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driverjdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.2.142:3308/sharding-jdbc-db?useUnicode=true&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghaiusername: rootpassword: 123456maxPoolSize: 100minPoolSize: 5 #slave-ds3数据库连接信息 ds3:type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSourcedriver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driverjdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.2.142:3309/sharding-jdbc-db?useUnicode=true&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghaiusername: rootpassword: 123456maxPoolSize: 100minPoolSize: 5#mybatis-plus配置mybatis-plus: type-aliases-package: xyz.hcworld.demo.model mapper-locations: classpath*:/mapper/**Mapper.xml

CREATE TABLE `t_user` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `nickname` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL, `password` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL, `sex` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `birthday` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;五.Mapper.xml文件及Mapper接口

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC '-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN' 'http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd'><mapper namespace='xyz.hcworld.demo.mapper.UserMapper'> <update id='addUser'>INSERT INTO t_user(nickname,PASSWORD,sex,birthday) VALUES(#{nickname},#{password},#{sex},#{birthday}) </update> <select resultType='xyz.hcworld.demo.model.User'>SELECT id, nickname, PASSWORD, sex, birthdayFROM t_user; </select></mapper>

package xyz.hcworld.demo.mapper;import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import xyz.hcworld.demo.model.User;import java.util.List;/** * @ClassName: UserMapper * @Author: 张红尘 * @Date: 2021-07-20 * @Version： 1.0 */@Componentpublic interface UserMapper extends BaseMapper<User> { void addUser(User user); List<User> findUsers();}六 .Controller及Mocel文件

package xyz.hcworld.demo.controller;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import xyz.hcworld.demo.mapper.UserMapper;import xyz.hcworld.demo.model.User;import java.security.SecureRandom;import java.util.List;/** * @ClassName: UserController * @Author: 张红尘 * @Date: 2021-07-20 * @Version： 1.0 */@RestController@RequestMapping('/api/user')public class UserController { @Autowired private UserMapper userMapper; @PostMapping('/save') public String addUser() {User user = new User();user.setNickname('zhangsan' + new SecureRandom().nextInt());user.setPassword('123456');user.setSex(1);user.setBirthday('1997-12-03');userMapper.addUser(user);return user.toString(); } @GetMapping('/findUsers') public List<User> findUsers() {return userMapper.findUsers(); }}

package xyz.hcworld.demo.model;import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.IdType;import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableId;import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName;import lombok.Data;import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;/** * @ClassName: User * @Author: 张红尘 * @Date: 2021-07-20 * @Version： 1.0 */@Data@TableName('t_user')public class User { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @TableId(value = 'id', type = IdType.AUTO) private Integer id; private String nickname; private String password; private Integer sex; private String birthday;}七.结果

从结果可以看出，写入操作全部通过ds1数据库（master）数据库完成，而读操作因为设置了轮询的缘故，由ds2（slaver）、ds3（slaver2）数据库完成。这样就实现了基于一主二从的数据库集群的读写分离操作。

八.Sharding-JDBC不同版本上的配置

网上Sharding-JDBC的教程多为4.0.0.RC1版本，笔者使用的是最新的4.1.1所以在该部分数据库地址在4.1.1为jdbc-url在4.0.0.RC1上需要改为url否则会启动失败

jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://XXXX/XXXX

且网上教程多为properties文件，笔者将其转变为YAML文件更加能直观感受

项目下载

GitHub:https://github.com/z875479694h/sharding-jdbc-demo

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