SpringBoot + FFmpeg实现一个简单的M3U8切片转码系统

目录想法实现工程pom配置文件TranscodeConfig，用于控制转码的一些参数MediaInfo，封装视频的一些基础信息FFmpegUtils，工具类封装FFmpeg的一些操作UploadController，执行转码操作index.html，客户端使用想法

客户端上传视频到服务器，服务器对视频进行切片后，返回m3u8，封面等访问路径。可以在线的播放。 服务器可以对视频做一些简单的处理，例如裁剪，封面的截取时间。

视频转码文件夹的定义

喜羊羊与灰太狼 // 文件夹名称就是视频标题 |-index.m3u8 // 主m3u8文件，里面可以配置多个码率的播放地址 |-poster.jpg // 截取的封面图片 |-ts // 切片目录 |-index.m3u8 // 切片播放索引 |-key // 播放需要解密的AES KEY实现

需要先在本机安装FFmpeg，并且添加到PATH环境变量，如果不会先通过搜索引擎找找资料

工程

pom

<project xmlns='http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0'xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance'xsi:schemaLocation='http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd'><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.demo</groupId><artifactId>demo</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.4.5</version><relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository --></parent><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId><artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId><exclusions><exclusion><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId></exclusion></exclusions></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>commons-codec</groupId><artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId><artifactId>gson</artifactId></dependency></dependencies><build><finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId><configuration><executable>true</executable></configuration></plugin></plugins></build></project>配置文件

server: port: 80app: # 存储转码视频的文件夹地址 video-folder: 'C:UsersAdministratorDesktoptmp'spring: servlet: multipart: enabled: true # 不限制文件大小 max-file-size: -1 # 不限制请求体大小 max-request-size: -1 # 临时IO目录 location: '${java.io.tmpdir}' # 不延迟解析 resolve-lazily: false # 超过1Mb，就IO到临时目录 file-size-threshold: 1MB web: resources: static-locations:- 'classpath:/static/'- 'file:${app.video-folder}' # 把视频文件夹目录，添加到静态资源目录列表TranscodeConfig，用于控制转码的一些参数

package com.demo.ffmpeg;public class TranscodeConfig {private String poster;// 截取封面的时间HH:mm:ss.[SSS]private String tsSeconds;// ts分片大小，单位是秒private String cutStart;// 视频裁剪，开始时间HH:mm:ss.[SSS]private String cutEnd;// 视频裁剪，结束时间HH:mm:ss.[SSS]public String getPoster() {return poster;}public void setPoster(String poster) {this.poster = poster;}public String getTsSeconds() {return tsSeconds;}public void setTsSeconds(String tsSeconds) {this.tsSeconds = tsSeconds;}public String getCutStart() {return cutStart;}public void setCutStart(String cutStart) {this.cutStart = cutStart;}public String getCutEnd() {return cutEnd;}public void setCutEnd(String cutEnd) {this.cutEnd = cutEnd;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return 'TranscodeConfig [poster=' + poster + ', tsSeconds=' + tsSeconds + ', cutStart=' + cutStart + ', cutEnd='+ cutEnd + ']';}}MediaInfo，封装视频的一些基础信息

package com.demo.ffmpeg;import java.util.List;import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;public class MediaInfo {public static class Format {@SerializedName('bit_rate')private String bitRate;public String getBitRate() {return bitRate;}public void setBitRate(String bitRate) {this.bitRate = bitRate;}}public static class Stream {@SerializedName('index')private int index;@SerializedName('codec_name')private String codecName;@SerializedName('codec_long_name')private String codecLongame;@SerializedName('profile')private String profile;}// ----------------------------------@SerializedName('streams')private List<Stream> streams;@SerializedName('format')private Format format;public List<Stream> getStreams() {return streams;}public void setStreams(List<Stream> streams) {this.streams = streams;}public Format getFormat() {return format;}public void setFormat(Format format) {this.format = format;}}FFmpegUtils，工具类封装FFmpeg的一些操作

package com.demo.ffmpeg;import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.File;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;import java.nio.file.Files;import java.nio.file.Path;import java.nio.file.Paths;import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Hex;import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;import com.google.gson.Gson;public class FFmpegUtils {private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FFmpegUtils.class);// 跨平台换行符private static final String LINE_SEPARATOR = System.getProperty('line.separator');/** * 生成随机16个字节的AESKEY * @return */private static byte[] genAesKey () {try {KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance('AES');keyGenerator.init(128);return keyGenerator.generateKey().getEncoded();} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {return null;}}/** * 在指定的目录下生成key_info, key文件，返回key_info文件 * @param folder * @throws IOException */private static Path genKeyInfo(String folder) throws IOException {// AES 密钥byte[] aesKey = genAesKey();// AES 向量String iv = Hex.encodeHexString(genAesKey());// key 文件写入Path keyFile = Paths.get(folder, 'key');Files.write(keyFile, aesKey, StandardOpenOption.CREATE, StandardOpenOption.TRUNCATE_EXISTING);// key_info 文件写入StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();stringBuilder.append('key').append(LINE_SEPARATOR);// m3u8加载key文件网络路径stringBuilder.append(keyFile.toString()).append(LINE_SEPARATOR);// FFmeg加载key_info文件路径stringBuilder.append(iv);// ASE 向量Path keyInfo = Paths.get(folder, 'key_info');Files.write(keyInfo, stringBuilder.toString().getBytes(), StandardOpenOption.CREATE, StandardOpenOption.TRUNCATE_EXISTING);return keyInfo;}/** * 指定的目录下生成 master index.m3u8 文件 * @param fileNamemaster m3u8文件地址 * @param indexPath访问子index.m3u8的路径 * @param bandWidth流码率 * @throws IOException */private static void genIndex(String file, String indexPath, String bandWidth) throws IOException {StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();stringBuilder.append('#EXTM3U').append(LINE_SEPARATOR);stringBuilder.append('#EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=' + bandWidth).append(LINE_SEPARATOR); // 码率stringBuilder.append(indexPath);Files.write(Paths.get(file), stringBuilder.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), StandardOpenOption.CREATE, StandardOpenOption.TRUNCATE_EXISTING);}/** * 转码视频为m3u8 * @param source源视频 * @param destFolder目标文件夹 * @param config配置信息 * @throws IOException * @throws InterruptedException */public static void transcodeToM3u8(String source, String destFolder, TranscodeConfig config) throws IOException, InterruptedException {// 判断源视频是否存在if (!Files.exists(Paths.get(source))) {throw new IllegalArgumentException('文件不存在：' + source);}// 创建工作目录Path workDir = Paths.get(destFolder, 'ts');Files.createDirectories(workDir);// 在工作目录生成KeyInfo文件Path keyInfo = genKeyInfo(workDir.toString());// 构建命令List<String> commands = new ArrayList<>();commands.add('ffmpeg');commands.add('-i');commands.add(source);// 源文件commands.add('-c:v');commands.add('libx264');// 视频编码为H264commands.add('-c:a');commands.add('copy');// 音频直接copycommands.add('-hls_key_info_file');commands.add(keyInfo.toString());// 指定密钥文件路径commands.add('-hls_time');commands.add(config.getTsSeconds());// ts切片大小commands.add('-hls_playlist_type');commands.add('vod');// 点播模式commands.add('-hls_segment_filename');commands.add('%06d.ts');// ts切片文件名称if (StringUtils.hasText(config.getCutStart())) {commands.add('-ss');commands.add(config.getCutStart());// 开始时间}if (StringUtils.hasText(config.getCutEnd())) {commands.add('-to');commands.add(config.getCutEnd());// 结束时间}commands.add('index.m3u8');// 生成m3u8文件// 构建进程Process process = new ProcessBuilder().command(commands).directory(workDir.toFile()).start();// 读取进程标准输出new Thread(() -> {try (BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()))) {String line = null;while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {LOGGER.info(line);}} catch (IOException e) {}}).start();// 读取进程异常输出new Thread(() -> {try (BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()))) {String line = null;while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {LOGGER.info(line);}} catch (IOException e) {}}).start();// 阻塞直到任务结束if (process.waitFor() != 0) {throw new RuntimeException('视频切片异常');}// 切出封面if (!screenShots(source, String.join(File.separator, destFolder, 'poster.jpg'), config.getPoster())) {throw new RuntimeException('封面截取异常');}// 获取视频信息MediaInfo mediaInfo = getMediaInfo(source);if (mediaInfo == null) {throw new RuntimeException('获取媒体信息异常');}// 生成index.m3u8文件genIndex(String.join(File.separator, destFolder, 'index.m3u8'), 'ts/index.m3u8', mediaInfo.getFormat().getBitRate());// 删除keyInfo文件Files.delete(keyInfo);}/** * 获取视频文件的媒体信息 * @param source * @return * @throws IOException * @throws InterruptedException */public static MediaInfo getMediaInfo(String source) throws IOException, InterruptedException {List<String> commands = new ArrayList<>();commands.add('ffprobe');commands.add('-i');commands.add(source);commands.add('-show_format');commands.add('-show_streams');commands.add('-print_format');commands.add('json');Process process = new ProcessBuilder(commands).start(); MediaInfo mediaInfo = null;try (BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()))) {mediaInfo = new Gson().fromJson(bufferedReader, MediaInfo.class);} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}if (process.waitFor() != 0) {return null;}return mediaInfo;}/** * 截取视频的指定时间帧，生成图片文件 * @param source源文件 * @param file图片文件 * @param time截图时间 HH:mm:ss.[SSS] * @throws IOException * @throws InterruptedException */public static boolean screenShots(String source, String file, String time) throws IOException, InterruptedException {List<String> commands = new ArrayList<>();commands.add('ffmpeg');commands.add('-i');commands.add(source);commands.add('-ss');commands.add(time);commands.add('-y');commands.add('-q:v');commands.add('1');commands.add('-frames:v');commands.add('1');commands.add('-f');;commands.add('image2');commands.add(file);Process process = new ProcessBuilder(commands).start();// 读取进程标准输出new Thread(() -> {try (BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()))) {String line = null;while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {LOGGER.info(line);}} catch (IOException e) {}}).start();// 读取进程异常输出new Thread(() -> {try (BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()))) {String line = null;while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {LOGGER.error(line);}} catch (IOException e) {}}).start();return process.waitFor() == 0;}}UploadController，执行转码操作

package com.demo.web.controller;import java.io.IOException;import java.nio.file.Files;import java.nio.file.Path;import java.nio.file.Paths;import java.time.LocalDate;import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestPart;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;import com.demo.ffmpeg.FFmpegUtils;import com.demo.ffmpeg.TranscodeConfig;@RestController@RequestMapping('/upload')public class UploadController {private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UploadController.class);@Value('${app.video-folder}')private String videoFolder;private Path tempDir = Paths.get(System.getProperty('java.io.tmpdir'));/** * 上传视频进行切片处理，返回访问路径 * @param video * @param transcodeConfig * @return * @throws IOException */@PostMappingpublic Object upload (@RequestPart(name = 'file', required = true) MultipartFile video,@RequestPart(name = 'config', required = true) TranscodeConfig transcodeConfig) throws IOException {LOGGER.info('文件信息：title={}, size={}', video.getOriginalFilename(), video.getSize());LOGGER.info('转码配置：{}', transcodeConfig);// 原始文件名称，也就是视频的标题String title = video.getOriginalFilename();// io到临时文件Path tempFile = tempDir.resolve(title);LOGGER.info('io到临时文件：{}', tempFile.toString());try {video.transferTo(tempFile);// 删除后缀title = title.substring(0, title.lastIndexOf('.'));// 按照日期生成子目录String today = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern('yyyyMMdd').format(LocalDate.now());// 尝试创建视频目录Path targetFolder = Files.createDirectories(Paths.get(videoFolder, today, title));LOGGER.info('创建文件夹目录：{}', targetFolder);Files.createDirectories(targetFolder);// 执行转码操作LOGGER.info('开始转码');try {FFmpegUtils.transcodeToM3u8(tempFile.toString(), targetFolder.toString(), transcodeConfig);} catch (Exception e) {LOGGER.error('转码异常：{}', e.getMessage());Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();result.put('success', false);result.put('message', e.getMessage());return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(result);}// 封装结果Map<String, Object> videoInfo = new HashMap<>();videoInfo.put('title', title);videoInfo.put('m3u8', String.join('/', '', today, title, 'index.m3u8'));videoInfo.put('poster', String.join('/', '', today, title, 'poster.jpg'));Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();result.put('success', true);result.put('data', videoInfo);return result;} finally {// 始终删除临时文件Files.delete(tempFile);}}}index.html，客户端

<html lang='en'> <head><meta charset='UTF-8'><title>Title</title><script src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/hls.js/latest/hls.min.js'></script> </head> <body>选择转码文件： <input name='file' type='file' accept='video/*' onchange='upload(event)'><hr/><videocontrols='controls'></video> </body> <script> const video = document.getElementById(’video’); function upload (e){ let files = e.target.files if (!files) {return }// TODO 转码配置这里固定死了 var transCodeConfig = { poster: '00:00:00.001', // 截取第1毫秒作为封面 tsSeconds: 15, cutStart: '', cutEnd: '' }// 执行上传 let formData = new FormData(); formData.append('file', files[0]) formData.append('config', new Blob([JSON.stringify(transCodeConfig)], {type: 'application/json; charset=utf-8'})) fetch(’/upload’, {method: ’POST’,body: formData }) .then(resp => resp.json()) .then(message => { if (message.success){ // 设置封面 video.poster = message.data.poster;// 渲染到播放器 var hls = new Hls(); hls.loadSource(message.data.m3u8); hls.attachMedia(video); } else { alert('转码异常，详情查看控制台'); console.log(message.message); } }) .catch(err => { alert('转码异常，详情查看控制台');throw err })} </script></html>使用 在配置文件中，配置到本地视频目录后启动 打开页面 localhost 点击【选择文件】，选择一个视频文件进行上传，等待执行完毕（没有做加载动画） 后端转码完成后，会自动把视频信息加载到播放器，此时可以手动点击播放按钮进行播放

可以打开控制台，查看上传进度，以及播放时的网络加载信息

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