springboot中@Async默认线程池导致OOM问题

前言：

1.最近项目上在测试人员压测过程中发现了OOM问题，项目使用springboot搭建项目工程，通过查看日志中包含信息：unable to create new native thread

内存溢出的三种类型：1.第一种OutOfMemoryError： PermGen space，发生这种问题的原意是程序中使用了大量的jar或class2.第二种OutOfMemoryError： Java heap space，发生这种问题的原因是java虚拟机创建的对象太多3.第三种OutOfMemoryError：unable to create new native thread，创建线程数量太多，占用内存过大

初步分析：

1.初步怀疑是线程创建太多导致，使用jstack 线程号 > /tmp/oom.log将应用的线程信息打印出来。查看oom.log，发现大量线程处于Runnable状态，基本可以确认是线程创建太多了。

代码分析：

1.出问题的微服务是日志写库服务，对比日志，锁定在writeLog方法上，wirteLog方法使用spring-@Async注解，写库操作采用的是异步写入方式。2.之前没有对@Async注解深入研究过，只是知道可以自定义内部线程池，经查看，日志写库服务并未自定义异步配置，使用的是spring-@Async默认异步配置3.首先简单百度了下，网上提到@Async默认异步配置使用的是SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor，该线程池默认来一个任务创建一个线程，在压测情况下，会有大量写库请求进入日志写库服务，这时就会不断创建大量线程，极有可能压爆服务器内存。

借此机会也学习了下SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor源码，总结如下：

1.SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor提供了限流机制，通过concurrencyLimit属性来控制开关，当concurrencyLimit>=0时开启限流机制，默认关闭限流机制即concurrencyLimit=-1，当关闭情况下，会不断创建新的线程来处理任务，核心代码如下：

public void execute(Runnable task, long startTimeout) { Assert.notNull(task, 'Runnable must not be null'); Runnable taskToUse = (this.taskDecorator != null ? this.taskDecorator.decorate(task) : task); //判断是否开启限流机制 if (isThrottleActive() && startTimeout > TIMEOUT_IMMEDIATE) { //执行前置操作，进行限流 this.concurrencyThrottle.beforeAccess(); //执行完线程任务，会执行后置操作concurrencyThrottle.afterAccess()，配合进行限流 doExecute(new ConcurrencyThrottlingRunnable(taskToUse)); } else { doExecute(taskToUse); }}

2.SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor限流实现

首先任务进来，会循环判断当前执行线程数是否超过concurrencyLimit，如果超了，则当前线程调用wait方法，释放monitor对象锁，进入等待

protected void beforeAccess() {if (this.concurrencyLimit == NO_CONCURRENCY) {throw new IllegalStateException('Currently no invocations allowed - concurrency limit set to NO_CONCURRENCY');}if (this.concurrencyLimit > 0) {boolean debug = logger.isDebugEnabled();synchronized (this.monitor) {boolean interrupted = false;while (this.concurrencyCount >= this.concurrencyLimit) {if (interrupted) {throw new IllegalStateException('Thread was interrupted while waiting for invocation access, ' +'but concurrency limit still does not allow for entering');}if (debug) {logger.debug('Concurrency count ' + this.concurrencyCount +' has reached limit ' + this.concurrencyLimit + ' - blocking');}try {this.monitor.wait();}catch (InterruptedException ex) {// Re-interrupt current thread, to allow other threads to react.Thread.currentThread().interrupt();interrupted = true;}}if (debug) {logger.debug('Entering throttle at concurrency count ' + this.concurrencyCount);}this.concurrencyCount++;}}}

2.SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor限流实现：首先任务进来，会循环判断当前执行线程数是否超过concurrencyLimit，如果超了，则当前线程调用wait方法，释放monitor对象锁，进入等待状态。

protected void beforeAccess() {if (this.concurrencyLimit == NO_CONCURRENCY) {throw new IllegalStateException('Currently no invocations allowed - concurrency limit set to NO_CONCURRENCY');}if (this.concurrencyLimit > 0) {boolean debug = logger.isDebugEnabled();synchronized (this.monitor) {boolean interrupted = false;while (this.concurrencyCount >= this.concurrencyLimit) {if (interrupted) {throw new IllegalStateException('Thread was interrupted while waiting for invocation access, ' +'but concurrency limit still does not allow for entering');}if (debug) {logger.debug('Concurrency count ' + this.concurrencyCount +' has reached limit ' + this.concurrencyLimit + ' - blocking');}try {this.monitor.wait();}catch (InterruptedException ex) {// Re-interrupt current thread, to allow other threads to react.Thread.currentThread().interrupt();interrupted = true;}}if (debug) {logger.debug('Entering throttle at concurrency count ' + this.concurrencyCount);}this.concurrencyCount++;}}}

线程任务执行完毕后，当前执行线程数会减一，会调用monitor对象的notify方法，唤醒等待状态下的线程，等待状态下的线程会竞争monitor锁，竞争到，会继续执行线程任务。

protected void afterAccess() {if (this.concurrencyLimit >= 0) {synchronized (this.monitor) {this.concurrencyCount--;if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {logger.debug('Returning from throttle at concurrency count ' + this.concurrencyCount);}this.monitor.notify();}}}

虽然看了源码了解了SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor有限流机制，实践出真知，我们还是测试下：一、测试未开启限流机制下，我们启动20个线程去调用异步方法，查看Java VisualVM工具如下：

二、测试开启限流机制，开启限流机制的代码如下:

@Configuration@EnableAsyncpublic class AsyncCommonConfig extends AsyncConfigurerSupport { @Override public Executor getAsyncExecutor() { SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor executor = new SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor(); //设置允许同时执行的线程数为10 executor.setConcurrencyLimit(10); return executor; }}

同样，我们启动20个线程去调用异步方法，查看Java VisualVM工具如下：

通过上面验证可知：1.开启限流情况下，能有效控制应用线程数2.虽然可以有效控制线程数，但执行效率会降低，会出现主线程等待，线程竞争的情况。3.限流机制适用于任务处理比较快的场景，对于应用处理时间比较慢的场景并不适用。==

最终解决办法：1.自定义线程池，使用LinkedBlockingQueue阻塞队列来限定线程池的上限2.定义拒绝策略，如果队列满了，则拒绝处理该任务，打印日志，代码如下：

public class AsyncConfig implements AsyncConfigurer{ private Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(); @Value('${thread.pool.corePoolSize:10}') private int corePoolSize; @Value('${thread.pool.maxPoolSize:20}') private int maxPoolSize; @Value('${thread.pool.keepAliveSeconds:4}') private int keepAliveSeconds; @Value('${thread.pool.queueCapacity:512}') private int queueCapacity; @Override public Executor getAsyncExecutor() { ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor(); executor.setCorePoolSize(corePoolSize); executor.setMaxPoolSize(maxPoolSize); executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(keepAliveSeconds); executor.setQueueCapacity(queueCapacity); executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler((Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor exe) -> {logger.warn('当前任务线程池队列已满.'); }); executor.initialize(); return executor; } @Override public AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler getAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler() { return new AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler() { @Override public void handleUncaughtException(Throwable ex , Method method , Object... params) {logger.error('线程池执行任务发生未知异常.', ex); } }; }}

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