基于SpringBoot构建电商秒杀项目代码实例
一、项目功能概述
电商秒杀需要完成的3个功能:
1.展示一个商品列表页面,我们可以从中看到可秒杀的商品列表
2.点击进入商品详情页,获取该商品的详细信息
3.秒杀时间开始后,点击进入下单确认页面,并支付成功
二、基于SpringBoot进行项目环境搭建
步骤1:创建一个maven工程,使用quickStart骨架。
步骤2:在pom.xml导入SpringBoot相关依赖。
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> <project xmlns='http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xsi:schemaLocation='http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd'> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>org.example</groupId> <artifactId>Spike</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>Spike</name> <!-- FIXME change it to the project’s website --> <url>http://www.example.com</url> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0.5.RELEASE</version> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) --> <plugins> <!-- clean lifecycle, see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/lifecycles.html#clean_Lifecycle --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </plugin> <!-- default lifecycle, jar packaging: see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_jar_packaging --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.8.0</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.22.1</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.8.2</version> </plugin> <!-- site lifecycle, see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/lifecycles.html#site_Lifecycle --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.7.1</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.0</version> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> </build> </project>
步骤3:在main/java/app中,我们对SpringBoot和SpringMVC进行简单的配置工作。掌握这几个注解的作用。
package org.example;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;//SpringBoot会帮我们启动tomcat,并加载默认配置@EnableAutoConfiguration//SpringMVC相关配置@RestControllerpublic class App { @RequestMapping('/') public String home(){ //网页中输出 return 'Hello World!'; } public static void main( String[] args ){ //控制台输出 System.out.println( 'Hello World!' ); SpringApplication.run(App.class,args); }}
运行结果:
用浏览器打开http://localhost:8080/,我们可以看到页面上输出:Hello World!
同时,控制台也输出了Hello World!,以及一些Spring相关的信息。
SpringBoot小技巧:可以在resource目录下创建一个application.propeties配置文件,在其中写:server.port = 端口号来设置端口号。
步骤4:接入mybatis,首先在pom.xml添加需要的依赖(mysql,druid连接池,mybatis)
写一个plugin标签,引入对应的mybatis自动生成文件的插件 {
添加对应的依赖:mybatis generator的core(第一次使用要单独在前面导入依赖,不可直接放在plugin中),mysql数据库的解析
写一个excution标签:设置允许移动生成的文件,允许自动覆盖文件(实际工作中不可以)
写一个configuration标签:指定mybatis generator 配置文件的路径 }
1 <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> 2 3 <project xmlns='http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' 4 xsi:schemaLocation='http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd'> 5 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 6 7 <groupId>org.example</groupId> 8 <artifactId>Spike</artifactId> 9 <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> 10 11 <name>Spike</name> 12 <!-- FIXME change it to the project’s website --> 13 <url>http://www.example.com</url> 14 15 <parent> 16 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 17 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> 18 <version>2.0.5.RELEASE</version> 19 </parent> 20 21 <properties> 22 <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> 23 <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source> 24 <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target> 25 </properties> 26 27 <dependencies> 28 <dependency> 29 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 30 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> 31 </dependency> 32 <dependency> 33 <groupId>mysql</groupId> 34 <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> 35 <version>5.1.6</version> 36 </dependency> 37 <dependency> 38 <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> 39 <artifactId>druid</artifactId> 40 <version>1.1.3</version> 41 </dependency> 42 <dependency> 43 <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> 44 <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> 45 <version>1.3.1</version> 46 </dependency> 47 <dependency> 48 <groupId>junit</groupId> 49 <artifactId>junit</artifactId> 50 <version>4.11</version> 51 <scope>test</scope> 52 </dependency> 53 <dependency> 54 <groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId> 55 <artifactId>mybatis-generator-core</artifactId> 56 <version>1.3.5</version> 57 </dependency> 58 </dependencies> 59 60 <build> 61 <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) --> 62 <plugins> 63 <!-- clean lifecycle, see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/lifecycles.html#clean_Lifecycle --> 64 <plugin> 65 <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId> 66 <version>3.1.0</version> 67 </plugin> 68 <!-- default lifecycle, jar packaging: see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_jar_packaging --> 69 <plugin> 70 <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> 71 <version>3.0.2</version> 72 </plugin> 73 <plugin> 74 <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> 75 <version>3.8.0</version> 76 </plugin> 77 <plugin> 78 <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> 79 <version>2.22.1</version> 80 </plugin> 81 <plugin> 82 <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId> 83 <version>3.0.2</version> 84 </plugin> 85 <plugin> 86 <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId> 87 <version>2.5.2</version> 88 </plugin> 89 <plugin> 90 <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> 91 <version>2.8.2</version> 92 </plugin> 93 94 <!-- site lifecycle, see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/lifecycles.html#site_Lifecycle --> 95 <plugin> 96 <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId> 97 <version>3.7.1</version> 98 </plugin> 99 <plugin>100 <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>101 <version>3.0.0</version>102 </plugin>103 104 <plugin>105 <groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId>106 <artifactId>mybatis-generator-maven-plugin</artifactId>107 <version>1.3.5</version>108 <dependencies>109 <dependency>110<groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId>111<artifactId>mybatis-generator-core</artifactId>112<version>1.3.5</version>113 </dependency>114 <dependency>115<groupId>mysql</groupId>116<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>117<version>5.1.6</version>118 </dependency>119 </dependencies>120 <executions>121 <execution>122<id>mybatis generator</id>123<phase>package</phase>124<goals>125 <goal>generate</goal>126</goals>127 </execution>128 </executions>129 <configuration>130 <!--允许移动生成的文件-->131 <verbose>true</verbose>132 <!--允许自动覆盖文件-->133 <overwrite>true</overwrite>134 <!--mybatis generator 配置文件的路径-->135 <configurationFile>136src/main/resource/mybatis-generator.xml137 </configurationFile>138 </configuration>139 </plugin>140 141 </plugins>142 </pluginManagement>143 </build>144 </project>
步骤5:创建mysql底层的数据库与相关表格
1.创建数据库spike
2.创建一个user_info表格
3.创建一个user_password表格,并设置user_id为外键关联user_info的id
步骤6:在步骤4中,我们最后指定了mybatis generator 配置文件的路径,于是我们在指定路径(resource目录下)创建一个mybatis generator.xml,并进行如下配置:
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><!DOCTYPE generatorConfiguration PUBLIC '-//mybatis.org//DTD MyBatis Generator Configuration 1.0//EN' 'http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-generator-config_1_0.dtd'><generatorConfiguration> <context targetRuntime='MyBatis3' > <!--数据库连接地址账号密码--> <jdbcConnection driverClass='com.mysql.jdbc.Driver' connectionURL='jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/spike' userId='root' password='0322'> </jdbcConnection> <!--生成Data Object类存放位置--> <javaModelGenerator targetPackage='org.example.dataobject' targetProject='src/main/java'> <property name='enableSubPackages' value='true'/> <property name='trimStrings' value='true'/> </javaModelGenerator> <!--生成映射文件存放位置--> <sqlMapGenerator targetPackage='mapping' targetProject='src/main/resources'> <property name='enableSubPackages' value='true'/> </sqlMapGenerator> <!--生成dao类存放位置--> <javaClientGenerator targetPackage='org.example.dao' type='XMLMAPPER' targetProject='src/main/java'> <property name='enableSubPackages' value='true'/> </javaClientGenerator> <!--生成对应表及类名--> <table tableName='user_info' domainObjectName='UserDo' enableCountByExample='false'enableUpdateByExample='false' enableDeleteByExample='false'enableSelectByExample='false' selectByExampleQueryId='false' ></table> <table tableName='user_password' domainObjectName='UserPasswordDO' enableCountByExample='false'enableUpdateByExample='false' enableDeleteByExample='false'enableSelectByExample='false' selectByExampleQueryId='false' ></table> </context></generatorConfiguration>
步骤7:根据步骤6中指定的位置,我们在org.example目录下新建一个dataobject的包,一个dao包。并测试是否能够成功生成相应的文件:
run——edit configurations——+maven——command line:mybatis-generator:generate——apply
然后我们运行这个新建的命令,可以看到resources/mapping下多了两个文件:
dataobject包与dao包下生成了如下文件:
手动删除两个Example文件。
步骤8:为了接入mybatis对应mysql的数据源,我们继续编写application.properties文件
server.port = 8090 mybatis.mapperLocations = classpath:mapping/*.xml spring.datasource.name = Spike spring.datasource.url = jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/Spike spring.datasource.username = root spring.datasource.password = 0322 #使用druid数据源 spring.datasource.type = com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource spring.datasource.driverClassName = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
步骤9:回到app.java
将@EnableAutoConfiguration注解改为@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages = 'org.example'),作用是将app交给spring托管,并且指定为主启动类。
添加注解@MapperScan('org.example.dao'),把dao存放的地方设置在对应注解下面。
最后,写一个方法来测试我们的搭建工作是否完成,(事先在表格中添加一条数据)
package org.example; import org.example.dao.UserDoMapper; import org.example.dataobject.UserDo; import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; //SpringBoot会帮我们启动tomcat,并加载默认配置 @SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages = {'org.example'}) //SpringMVC相关配置 @RestController @MapperScan('org.example.dao') public class App { @Autowired private UserDoMapper userDoMapper; @RequestMapping('/') public String home(){ UserDo userDo = userDoMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(1); if(userDo == null){ return '用户对象不存在'; }else{ return userDo.getName(); } } public static void main( String[] args ){ //控制台输出 System.out.println( 'Hello World!' ); SpringApplication.run(App.class,args); } }app.java
打开http://localhost:8090/,我们可以看到页面上显示了我们添加的数据中name字段的内容。
三、用户模块开发
1.使用SpingMVC模式开发用户信息
步骤1:补全框架结构:
步骤2:service层的编写:
UserService接口:
package org.example.service;import org.example.service.model.UserModel;public interface UserService { UserModel getUserById(Integer id);}
UserService实现类:
@Servicepublic class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { @Autowired private UserDoMapper userDoMapper; @Autowired private UserPasswordDOMapper userPasswordDOMapper; @Override public UserModel getUserById(Integer id) { UserDo userDo = userDoMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(id); if(userDo == null){ return null; } //通过用户id获取对应的用户加密密码信息 UserPasswordDO userPasswordDO = userPasswordDOMapper.selectByUserId(userDo.getId()); return convertFromDataObject(userDo,userPasswordDO); } public UserModel convertFromDataObject(UserDo userDo, UserPasswordDO userPasswordDO) { if(userDo == null){ return null; } UserModel userModel = new UserModel(); BeanUtils.copyProperties(userDo,userModel); if(userPasswordDO != null){ userModel.setEncriptPassword(userPasswordDO.getEncriptPassword()); } return userModel; }}
UserModel类:存放数据库的所有对应字段与getters&setters,用于service层与数据库数据的解耦,使service层无法直接接触数据库
1 package org.example.service.model; 2 3 public class UserModel { 4 private Integer id; 5 private String name; 6 private Byte gender; 7 private Integer age; 8 private String telephone; 9 private String registerMode;10 private String thirdPartyId;11 private String encriptPassword;12 13 public Integer getId() {14 return id;15 }16 17 public void setId(Integer id) {18 this.id = id;19 }20 21 public String getName() {22 return name;23 }24 25 public void setName(String name) {26 this.name = name;27 }28 29 public Byte getGender() {30 return gender;31 }32 33 public void setGender(Byte gender) {34 this.gender = gender;35 }36 37 public Integer getAge() {38 return age;39 }40 41 public void setAge(Integer age) {42 this.age = age;43 }44 45 public String getTelephone() {46 return telephone;47 }48 49 public void setTelephone(String telephone) {50 this.telephone = telephone;51 }52 53 public String getRegisterMode() {54 return registerMode;55 }56 57 public void setRegisterMode(String registerMode) {58 this.registerMode = registerMode;59 }60 61 public String getThirdPartyId() {62 return thirdPartyId;63 }64 65 public void setThirdPartyId(String thirdPartyId) {66 this.thirdPartyId = thirdPartyId;67 }68 69 public String getEncriptPassword() {70 return encriptPassword;71 }72 73 public void setEncriptPassword(String encriptPassword) {74 this.encriptPassword = encriptPassword;75 }76 }
步骤3:修改UserPasswordDOMapper.xml,添加一个selectByUserId操作的配置
<select parameterType='java.lang.Integer' resultMap='BaseResultMap'> select <include refid='Base_Column_List' /> from user_password where user_id = #{userId,jdbcType=INTEGER} </select>
同步修改UserPasswordDOMapper.java,添加一行代码:
UserPasswordDO selectByUserId(Integer userId);
步骤4:编写Controller包中的UserController.java
@Controller('user')@RequestMapping('/user')public class UserController { @Autowired private UserService userService; @RequestMapping('/get') @ResponseBody public UserModel getUser(@RequestParam(name='id') Integer id) { //调用service服务获取对应id的用户对象并返回给前端 UserModel userModel = userService.getUserById(id); return userModel; }}
运行后,访问http://localhost:8090/user/get?id=1(需要事先添加好一条完整的数据),可以看到页面上输出了这条数据的完整信息。
步骤5:发现问题:在UserController中,我们把userModel模型直接返回给前端,导致密码直接输出在页面中,这是非常不专业的。
因此,我们在controller层(包)中需要新建一个模型对象。在controller层中新建一个viewobject包,并在其中写一个viewobject类,里面只写需要展示在前端的字段与getters&setters。
1 package org.example.controller.viewobject; 2 3 public class UserVO { 4 //只写前端用户所需要的信息 5 private Integer id; 6 private String name; 7 private Byte gender; 8 private Integer age; 9 private String telephone;10 11 public Integer getId() {12 return id;13 }14 15 public void setId(Integer id) {16 this.id = id;17 }18 19 public String getName() {20 return name;21 }22 23 public void setName(String name) {24 this.name = name;25 }26 27 public Byte getGender() {28 return gender;29 }30 31 public void setGender(Byte gender) {32 this.gender = gender;33 }34 35 public Integer getAge() {36 return age;37 }38 39 public void setAge(Integer age) {40 this.age = age;41 }42 43 public String getTelephone() {44 return telephone;45 }46 47 public void setTelephone(String telephone) {48 this.telephone = telephone;49 }50 }
同时,我们修改UserController类,将UserModel转化为viewobject后,再返回给前端。
@Controller('user')@RequestMapping('/user')public class UserController { @Autowired private UserService userService; @RequestMapping('/get') @ResponseBody public UserVO getUser(@RequestParam(name='id') Integer id) { //调用service服务获取对应id的用户对象并返回给前端 UserModel userModel = userService.getUserById(id); //将核心领域模型对象转化为可供UI使用的viewobject return convertFromModel(userModel); } private UserVO convertFromModel(UserModel userModel){ if(userModel == null){ return null; } UserVO userVO = new UserVO(); BeanUtils.copyProperties(userModel,userVO); return userVO; }}
这一步中,我们做了一个完整的从数据库中读取数据,展示在前端页面上的操作。
controller层——>service层——>dao层
dataobject层负责数据存储到service的传输,并且在用户的service的服务中组装了对应的核心领域模型。
controller层做了到用户viewobject之间的传递,保证密码等信息不会输出到前端。
2.定义通用的返回对象
步骤1:自主管理前端页面的返回——返回正确信息
org.example包下创建一个response包,在其中创建一个CommonReturnType.java文件。
在该文件中,设置两个属性:status,data,并生成对应的getters&setters。然后写两个构造方法,包含了两个属性的设置。
package org.example.response; public class CommonReturnType { //表名对应请求的返回处理结果,success/fail private String status; //若status返回success,则data内返回前端需要的json数据 //若status返回success,则data内使用通用的错误码格式 private Object data; //定义一个通用的创建方法 public static CommonReturnType create(Object result){ return CommonReturnType.create(result,'success'); } public static CommonReturnType create(Object result,String status){ CommonReturnType type = new CommonReturnType(); type.setStatus(status); type.setData(result); return type; } public String getStatus() { return status; } public void setStatus(String status) { this.status = status; } public Object getData() { return data; } public void setData(Object data) { this.data = data; } }
修改我们的UserController.java,将返回值改为CommonReturnType,由CommonReturnType调用create方法来引用UserVO中的信息。以下代码为需要修改的部分:
public CommonReturnType getUser(@RequestParam(name='id') Integer id) { //调用service服务获取对应id的用户对象并返回给前端 UserModel userModel = userService.getUserById(id); //将核心领域模型对象转化为可供UI使用的viewobject UserVO userVO = convertFromModel(userModel); //返回通用对象 return CommonReturnType.create(userVO); }
运行后,我们仍然访问http://localhost:8090/user/get?id=1,可以看到页面上输出了:
步骤2:自主管理前端页面的返回——返回错误信息
org.example包下创建一个error包,在其中创建一个CommonError接口,写3个方法:获取错误码,获取错误信息,设置错误信息
public interface CommonError { public int getErrCode(); public String getErrMsg(); public CommonError setErrMsg(String errMsg); }
error包下写一个枚举类型的EmBusinessError,实现CommonError接口。
package org.example.error;public enum EmBusinessError implements CommonError{ //通用错误类型10001 PARAMETER_VALIDATION_ERROR(10001,'参数不合法'), //未知错误10002 UNKNOWN_ERROR(10002,'未知错误'), //20000开头相关为用户信息相关错误定义 USER_NOT_EXIST(20001,'用户不存在'), ; private EmBusinessError(int errCode,String errMsg){ this.errCode = errCode; this.errMsg = errMsg; } private int errCode; private String errMsg; @Override public int getErrCode() { return this.errCode; } @Override public String getErrMsg() { return this.errMsg; } @Override public CommonError setErrMsg(String errMsg) { this.errMsg = errMsg; return this; }}
error包下写一个BusinessException,实现CommonError接口,并继承Exception类。
public class BusinessException extends Exception implements CommonError{ private CommonError commonError; //直接接收EmBusinessError的传参用于构造业务异常 public BusinessException(CommonError commonError) { super(); this.commonError = commonError; } public BusinessException(CommonError commonError,String errMsg) { super(); this.commonError = commonError; this.commonError.setErrMsg(errMsg); } @Override public int getErrCode() { return this.commonError.getErrCode(); } @Override public String getErrMsg() { return this.commonError.getErrMsg(); } @Override public CommonError setErrMsg(String errMsg) { this.commonError.setErrMsg(errMsg); return this; }}
UserController中添加如下代码:
//若获取的对应用户信息不存在 if(userModel==null){ throw new BusinessException(EmBusinessError.USER_NOT_EXIST); }
步骤3:异常处理
在controller目录下单独写一个BaseController类,定义exceptionhandler解决未被controller层吸收的exception。
import java.util.Map;public class BaseController { //定义exceptionhandler解决未被controller层吸收的exception @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class) @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.OK) @ResponseBody public Object handlerException(HttpServletRequest request, Exception ex){ Map<String,Object> responseData = new HashMap<>(); if(ex instanceof BusinessException){ BusinessException businessException = (BusinessException)ex; responseData.put('errCode',businessException.getErrCode()); responseData.put('errMsg',businessException.getErrMsg()); }else{ responseData.put('errCode', EmBusinessError.UNKNOWN_ERROR.getErrCode()); responseData.put('errMsg',EmBusinessError.UNKNOWN_ERROR.getErrMsg()); } return CommonReturnType.create(responseData,'fail'); }}
然后,UserController类需要继承BaseController类。
运行后,我们访问http://localhost:8090/user/get?id=2,(id=2的数据是不存在的),可以看到页面为:
为了程序的健壮性,我们在BaseController中添加了一个unknown error。我们可以手动地来测试一下这段代码是否起了作用:
修改UserController部分代码如下:
if(userModel==null){ userModel.setEncriptPassword('123'); //throw new BusinessException(EmBusinessError.USER_NOT_EXIST); }
运行后,我们再次访问http://localhost:8090/user/get?id=2,可以看到页面为:
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持好吧啦网。
相关文章: