SpringBoot集成SpringSecurity和JWT做登陆鉴权的实现

废话

目前流行的前后端分离让Java程序员可以更加专注的做好后台业务逻辑的功能实现，提供如返回Json格式的数据接口就可以。SpringBoot的易用性和对其他框架的高度集成，用来快速开发一个小型应用是最佳的选择。

一套前后端分离的后台项目，刚开始就要面对的就是登陆和授权的问题。这里提供一套方案供大家参考。

主要看点：

登陆后获取token，根据token来请求资源 根据用户角色来确定对资源的访问权限 统一异常处理 返回标准的Json格式数据

正文

首先是pom文件：

<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <!--这是不是必须，只是我引用了里面一些类的方法--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-solr</artifactId> </dependency><!--这是不是必须，只是我引用了里面一些类的方法--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>1.3.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId> <version>2.6.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId> <version>2.6.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-rest</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> <artifactId>spring-security-jwt</artifactId> <version>1.0.9.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId> <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId> <version>0.9.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies>

application.yml:

spring : datasource : url : jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/les_data_center?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8&allowMultiQueries=true&useAffectedRows=true&useSSL=false username : root password : 123456 driverClassName : com.mysql.jdbc.Driver jackson: data-format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss time-zone: GMT+8mybatis : config-location : classpath:/mybatis-config.xml# JWTjwt: header: Authorization secret: mySecret #token有效期一天 expiration: 86400 tokenHead: 'Bearer '

接着是对security的配置，让security来保护我们的API

SpringBoot推荐使用配置类来代替xml配置。那这里，我也使用配置类的方式。

@Configuration@EnableWebSecurity@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { private final JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint unauthorizedHandler; private final AccessDeniedHandler accessDeniedHandler; private final UserDetailsService CustomUserDetailsService; private final JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter authenticationTokenFilter; @Autowired public WebSecurityConfig(JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint unauthorizedHandler, @Qualifier('RestAuthenticationAccessDeniedHandler') AccessDeniedHandler accessDeniedHandler, @Qualifier('CustomUserDetailsService') UserDetailsService CustomUserDetailsService, JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter authenticationTokenFilter) { this.unauthorizedHandler = unauthorizedHandler; this.accessDeniedHandler = accessDeniedHandler; this.CustomUserDetailsService = CustomUserDetailsService; this.authenticationTokenFilter = authenticationTokenFilter; } @Autowired public void configureAuthentication(AuthenticationManagerBuilder authenticationManagerBuilder) throws Exception { authenticationManagerBuilder// 设置UserDetailsService.userDetailsService(this.CustomUserDetailsService)// 使用BCrypt进行密码的hash.passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder()); } // 装载BCrypt密码编码器 @Bean public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() { return new BCryptPasswordEncoder(); } @Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity httpSecurity) throws Exception { httpSecurity.exceptionHandling().accessDeniedHandler(accessDeniedHandler).and()// 由于使用的是JWT，我们这里不需要csrf.csrf().disable().exceptionHandling().authenticationEntryPoint(unauthorizedHandler).and()// 基于token，所以不需要session.sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS).and().authorizeRequests()// 对于获取token的rest api要允许匿名访问.antMatchers('/api/v1/auth', '/api/v1/signout', '/error/**', '/api/**').permitAll()// 除上面外的所有请求全部需要鉴权认证.anyRequest().authenticated(); // 禁用缓存 httpSecurity.headers().cacheControl(); // 添加JWT filter httpSecurity.addFilterBefore(authenticationTokenFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class); } @Override public void configure(WebSecurity web) throws Exception { web.ignoring().antMatchers('/v2/api-docs','/swagger-resources/configuration/ui','/swagger-resources','/swagger-resources/configuration/security','/swagger-ui.html' ); } @Bean @Override public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception { return super.authenticationManagerBean(); }}

该类中配置了几个bean来供security使用。

JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter：token过滤器来验证token有效性 UserDetailsService：实现了DetailsService接口，用来做登陆验证 JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint ：认证失败处理类 RestAuthenticationAccessDeniedHandler： 权限不足处理类

那么，接下来一个一个实现这些类：

/** * token校验,引用的stackoverflow一个答案里的处理方式 * Author: JoeTao * createAt: 2018/9/14 */@Componentpublic class JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter { @Value('${jwt.header}') private String token_header; @Resource private JWTUtils jwtUtils; @Override protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException { String auth_token = request.getHeader(this.token_header); final String auth_token_start = 'Bearer '; if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(auth_token) && auth_token.startsWith(auth_token_start)) { auth_token = auth_token.substring(auth_token_start.length()); } else { // 不按规范,不允许通过验证 auth_token = null; } String username = jwtUtils.getUsernameFromToken(auth_token); logger.info(String.format('Checking authentication for user %s.', username)); if (username != null && SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() == null) { User user = jwtUtils.getUserFromToken(auth_token); if (jwtUtils.validateToken(auth_token, user)) {UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(user, null, user.getAuthorities());authentication.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(request));logger.info(String.format('Authenticated user %s, setting security context', username));SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication); } } chain.doFilter(request, response); }}

/** * 认证失败处理类，返回401 * Author: JoeTao * createAt: 2018/9/20 */@Componentpublic class JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint implements AuthenticationEntryPoint, Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = -8970718410437077606L; @Override public void commence(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException authException) throws IOException { //验证为未登陆状态会进入此方法，认证错误 System.out.println('认证失败：' + authException.getMessage()); response.setStatus(200); response.setCharacterEncoding('UTF-8'); response.setContentType('application/json; charset=utf-8'); PrintWriter printWriter = response.getWriter(); String body = ResultJson.failure(ResultCode.UNAUTHORIZED, authException.getMessage()).toString(); printWriter.write(body); printWriter.flush(); }}

因为我们使用的REST API,所以我们认为到达后台的请求都是正常的，所以返回的HTTP状态码都是200，用接口返回的code来确定请求是否正常。

/*** 权限不足处理类，返回403 * Author: JoeTao * createAt: 2018/9/21 */@Component('RestAuthenticationAccessDeniedHandler')public class RestAuthenticationAccessDeniedHandler implements AccessDeniedHandler { @Override public void handle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse response, AccessDeniedException e) throws IOException, ServletException { //登陆状态下，权限不足执行该方法 System.out.println('权限不足：' + e.getMessage()); response.setStatus(200); response.setCharacterEncoding('UTF-8'); response.setContentType('application/json; charset=utf-8'); PrintWriter printWriter = response.getWriter(); String body = ResultJson.failure(ResultCode.FORBIDDEN, e.getMessage()).toString(); printWriter.write(body); printWriter.flush(); }}

/** * 登陆身份认证 * Author: JoeTao * createAt: 2018/9/14 */@Component(value='CustomUserDetailsService')public class CustomUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService { private final AuthMapper authMapper; public CustomUserDetailsService(AuthMapper authMapper) { this.authMapper = authMapper; } @Override public User loadUserByUsername(String name) throws UsernameNotFoundException { User user = authMapper.findByUsername(name); if (user == null) { throw new UsernameNotFoundException(String.format('No user found with username ’%s’.', name)); } Role role = authMapper.findRoleByUserId(user.getId()); user.setRole(role); return user; }}

登陆逻辑：

public ResponseUserToken login(String username, String password) { //用户验证 final Authentication authentication = authenticate(username, password); //存储认证信息 SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication); //生成token final User user = (User) authentication.getPrincipal();// User user = (User) userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username); final String token = jwtTokenUtil.generateAccessToken(user); //存储token jwtTokenUtil.putToken(username, token); return new ResponseUserToken(token, user); }private Authentication authenticate(String username, String password) { try { //该方法会去调用userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername()去验证用户名和密码，如果正确，则存储该用户名密码到“security 的 context中” return authenticationManager.authenticate(new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(username, password)); } catch (DisabledException | BadCredentialsException e) { throw new CustomException(ResultJson.failure(ResultCode.LOGIN_ERROR, e.getMessage())); } }

自定义异常：

@Getterpublic class CustomException extends RuntimeException{ private ResultJson resultJson; public CustomException(ResultJson resultJson) { this.resultJson = resultJson; }}

统一异常处理：

/** * 异常处理类 * controller层异常无法捕获处理，需要自己处理 * Created by jt on 2018/8/27. */@RestControllerAdvice@Slf4jpublic class DefaultExceptionHandler { /** * 处理所有自定义异常 * @param e * @return */ @ExceptionHandler(CustomException.class) public ResultJson handleCustomException(CustomException e){ log.error(e.getResultJson().getMsg().toString()); return e.getResultJson(); }}

所有经controller转发的请求抛出的自定义异常都会被捕获处理，一般情况下就是返回给调用方一个json的报错信息，包含自定义状态码、错误信息及补充描述信息。

值得注意的是，在请求到达controller之前，会被Filter拦截，如果在controller或者之前抛出的异常，自定义的异常处理器是无法处理的，需要自己重新定义一个全局异常处理器或者直接处理。

Filter拦截请求两次的问题

跨域的post的请求会验证两次，get不会。网上的解释是，post请求第一次是预检请求，Request Method： OPTIONS。解决方法：

在webSecurityConfig里添加

.antMatchers(HttpMethod.OPTIONS, '/**').permitAll()

就可以不拦截options请求了。

这里只给出了最主要的代码，还有controller层的访问权限设置，返回状态码，返回类定义等等。

所有代码已上传GitHub，项目地址

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