使用Java反射模拟实现Spring的IoC容器的操作
下面是自定义的三个注解: @AutoWired,@Component,@ComponentScan。
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)public @interface AutoWired {}@Target(ElementType.TYPE)@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)public @interface Component {}@Target(ElementType.TYPE)@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)public @interface ComponentScan { String[] value();}容器实现
其中AnnotationConfigApplicationContext和ClassPathXMLApplicationContext为核心的类,其中
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext类实现扫描文件和解析注解等功能。
package learn.reflection.reflect;import learn.reflection.Bootstrap;import learn.reflection.annotation.AutoWired;import learn.reflection.annotation.Component;import learn.reflection.annotation.ComponentScan;import java.io.File;import java.io.InputStream;import java.lang.reflect.Field;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import java.util.Properties;import java.util.Set;public class AnnotationConfigApplicationContext<T>{ //使用HaspMap存储Bean private HashMap<Class,Object> beanFactory=new HashMap<>(); //获取Bean的方法 public T getBean(Class clazz){ return (T) beanFactory.get(clazz); } String path;//编译后的字节码存储路径 /** * 初始化ApplicationContext,加载注解修饰的Bean到beanFactory */ public void initContextByAnnotation(){ //编译后的项目根目录:D:/idea_workplace/javaAppliTechnology/target/classes/ path = AnnotationConfigApplicationContext.class.getClassLoader().getResource('').getFile(); //查看启动类Bootstrap是否有定义扫描包 ComponentScan annotation = Bootstrap.class.getAnnotation(ComponentScan.class); if (annotation!=null){ //有定义就只扫描自定义的 String[] definedPaths = annotation.value(); if (definedPaths!=null&&definedPaths.length>0){loadClassInDefinedDir(path,definedPaths); } }else{ //默认扫描整个项目的目录 System.out.println(path); findClassFile(new File(path)); } assembleObject(); } /** * 给@AutoWired修饰的属性赋值 */ private void assembleObject(){ Set<Map.Entry<Class, Object>> entries = beanFactory.entrySet(); //扫描所有容器中的Bean for (Map.Entry<Class, Object> entry : entries) { Object value = entry.getValue(); //获取所有属性 Field[] fields = value.getClass().getDeclaredFields(); for (Field field : fields) {//如果被@AutoWired注解修饰则进行赋值AutoWired annotation = field.getAnnotation(AutoWired.class);if (annotation!=null){ try { field.setAccessible(true); field.set(value,beanFactory.get(field.getType())); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }} } } } /** * 扫描用户自定义的包 * @param path * @param definedPaths */ private void loadClassInDefinedDir(String path, String[] definedPaths){ for (String definedPath : definedPaths) { //转换成绝对路径 String s = definedPath.replaceAll('.', '/'); String fullName=path+s; System.out.println(s); findClassFile(new File(fullName)); } } /** * 扫描项目中的每一个文件夹找到所有的class文件 */ private void findClassFile(File pathParent) { //路径是否是目录,子目录是否为空 if (pathParent.isDirectory()) { File[] childrenFiles = pathParent.listFiles(); if (childrenFiles == null || childrenFiles.length == 0) {return; } for (File childrenFile : childrenFiles) {if (childrenFile.isDirectory()) { //递归调用直到找到所有的文件 findClassFile(childrenFile);} else { //找到文件 loadClassWithAnnotation(childrenFile);} } } } /** * 装配找到的所有带有@Component注解的类到容器 */ private void loadClassWithAnnotation(File file) { //1.去掉前面的项目绝对路径 String pathWithClass=file.getAbsolutePath().substring(path.length()-1); //2.将路径的“/”转化为“.”和去掉后面的.class if (pathWithClass.contains('.class')){ String fullName = pathWithClass.replaceAll('', '.').replace('.class', ''); /** * 根据获取到的类的全限定名使用反射将实例添加到beanFactory中 */ try {Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(fullName);//3.判断是不是接口,不是接口才创建实例if (!clazz.isInterface()){ //4.是否具有@Bean注解 Component annotation = clazz.getAnnotation(Component.class); if (annotation!=null){ //5.创建实例对象 Object instance = clazz.newInstance(); //6.判断是否有实现的接口 Class<?>[] interfaces = clazz.getInterfaces(); if (interfaces!=null&&interfaces.length>0){ //如果是有接口就将其接口的class作为key,实例对象作为value System.out.println('正在加载【'+interfaces[0].getName()+'】 实例对象:'+instance.getClass().getName()); beanFactory.put(interfaces[0],instance); }else{ System.out.println('正在加载【'+clazz.getName()+'】 实例对象:'+instance.getClass().getName()); beanFactory.put(clazz,instance); } //如果没有接口就将自己的class作为key,实例对象作为value }} } catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace(); } } }}
ClassPathXMLApplicationContext类实现解析xml配置文件,并装载组件到容器中。
package learn.reflection.reflect;import java.net.URL;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import org.jdom2.Document;import org.jdom2.JDOMException;import org.jdom2.Element;import org.jdom2.xpath.XPath;import org.jdom2.input.SAXBuilder;import java.io.File;import java.io.IOException;import java.net.URL;import java.net.URISyntaxException;import java.util.*;import java.lang.reflect.Field;import java.lang.reflect.Method;import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;/** * @author Hai * @date 2020/5/17 - 18:47 */public class ClassPathXMLApplicationContext{ private File file; private Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap(); public ClassPathXMLApplicationContext(String config_file) { URL url = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(config_file); try { file = new File(url.toURI()); XMLParsing(); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } private void XMLParsing() throws Exception { SAXBuilder builder = new SAXBuilder(); Document document = builder.build(file); Element root = document.getRootElement(); List elementList = root.getChildren('bean'); Iterator i = elementList.iterator(); //读取bean节点的所有信息 while (i.hasNext()) { Element bean = (Element) i.next(); String id = bean.getAttributeValue('id'); //根据class创建实例 String cls = bean.getAttributeValue('class'); Object obj = Class.forName(cls).newInstance(); Method[] method = obj.getClass().getDeclaredMethods(); List<Element> list = bean.getChildren('property'); for (Element el : list) {for (int n = 0; n < method.length; n++) { String name = method[n].getName(); String temp = null; //找到属性对应的setter方法进行赋值 if (name.startsWith('set')) { temp = name.substring(3, name.length()).toLowerCase(); if (el.getAttribute('name') != null) { if (temp.equals(el.getAttribute('name').getValue())) {method[n].invoke(obj, el.getAttribute('value').getValue()); } } }} } map.put(id, obj); } } public Object getBean(String name) { return map.get(name); }}测试实体类User的定义:
@Componentpublic class User { private String username; private String password; public User(String username, String password) { this.username = username; this.password = password; } public User() { } //省略getter,setter方法 }
在UserServiceImpl类中添加@Component注解,并使用@AutoWired注解注入容器中的IUerDao接口的实现类UserDaoImpl。
@Componentpublic class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService { @AutoWired private IUserDao userDao; @Override public void login(User user) { System.out.println('调用UserDaoImpl的login方法'); userDao.loginByUsername(user); }}
UserDaoImpl类同样添加@Component注解
@Componentpublic class UserDaoImpl implements IUserDao { @Override public void loginByUsername(User user) { System.out.println('验证用户【'+user.getUsername()+'】登录'); }}
在beans.xml中配置注册User类,文件beans.xml的内容如下:
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><beans> <bean class='learn.reflection.entity.User'><property name='username' value='张三' /><property name='password' value='123' /> </bean></beans>
下面同时使用 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext类和 ClassPathXMLApplicationContext类。
Bootstrap类作为启动类添加注解@ComponentScan,指定扫描learn.reflection.dao和learn.reflection.service这两个包。
@ComponentScan(value = {'learn.reflection.dao','learn.reflection.service'})public class Bootstrap { public static void main(String[] args) { AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(); applicationContext.initContextByAnnotation(); UserServiceImpl userService = (UserServiceImpl) applicationContext.getBean(IUserService.class); ClassPathXMLApplicationContext xmlApplicationContext = new ClassPathXMLApplicationContext('beans.xml'); User user = (User) xmlApplicationContext.getBean('user'); System.out.println(user); userService.login(user); }}
运行Bootstrap类,程序运行结果如下:
learn/reflection/dao正在加载【learn.reflection.dao.IUserDao】 实例对象:learn.reflection.dao.impl.UserDaoImpllearn/reflection/service正在加载【learn.reflection.service.IUserService】 实例对象:learn.reflection.service.impl.UserServiceImplUser{username=’张三’, password=’123’}调用UserDaoImpl的login方法验证用户【张三】登录
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持好吧啦网。
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