IDEA中的HTTP Client使用教程
IDEA RESTful WebServices是一个类似jmeter,postman的工具。可以使用纯文本编辑。
官网介绍地址:https://www.jetbrains.com/help/idea/restful-webservices.html
该工具是idea的一个组件,在Tools->Http client下;当然goland也是相同;低版本是Test Restful WebService,新版本的idea已经提示改功能废弃,建议使用new HTTP Client也就是我们此教程要介绍的工具;
示例:
创建demo1.http文件
GET https://www.baidu.com
###
点击右侧运行即可查看到结果
HTTP请求中使用变量要在请求中提供变量,请将其括在双花括号中,如 {{variable}} 。变量名称只能包含字母,数字,下 划线符号 _ 或连字符 - 。
预定义的动态变量每次您运行请求时,动态变量都会生成一个值: $uuid :生成通用的唯一标识符(UUID-v4) $timestamp :生成当前的UNIX时间戳 $randomInt :生成介于0到1000之间的随机整数。
GET http://localhost/api/get?id={{$uuid}}创建环境变量
在项目内部,创建以下文件:
在rest-client.env.json(或http-client.env.json)是包含常见的变量,其目的是要与你的项目一起 分发的常规文件。 在rest-client.private.env.json(或http-client.private.env.json)是一个 私人 的文件可能包括密 码,令牌,证书和其他敏感信息。默认情况下,此文件被添加到VCS忽略文件列表中。在httpclient.private.env.json文件中指定的变量的值将覆盖环境文件中的值。{ 'dev': { 'host': 'http://127.0.0.1:80', 'name': 'zhangsan' }, 'prod': { 'host': 'http://127.0.0.1:80', 'name':'lisi' }}
调用示例
GET http://{{host}}/api/get?name={{name}}
脚本设置环境变量
//设置环境变量> {%client.global.set('token', response.body.token);%}脚本检测
可以对返回值进行打印,断言;
# 登陆POST http://{{host}}/system/loginContent-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencodedusername=admin&password=123456> {% client.log(JSON.stringify(response.body));client.test('Request executed successfully', function() {client.assert(response.status === 200, 'Response status is not 200');});client.test('Response content-type is json', function() {var type = response.contentType.mimeType;client.assert(type === 'application/json', 'Expected ’application/json’ but received ’' + type + '’');});client.test('Request code success', function() {client.assert(response.body.code === 0, 'Response code is not 0');client.global.set('token', response.body.data);});%}###类型介绍 client
client.global
set(varName, varValue) // 设置全局变量 get(varName) // 获取全局变量 isEmpty // 检查 global 是否为空 clear(varName) // 删除变量 clearAll // 删除所有变量 client.test(testName, func) // 创建一个名称为 testName 的测试 client.assert(condition, message) // 校验条件 condition 是否成立,否则抛出异常 message client.log(text) // 打印日志 response response.body // 字符串 或 JSON (如果 content-type 为 application/json .) response.headersvalueOf(headerName) // 返回第一个匹配 headerName 的值,如果没有匹配的返回 nullvaluesOf(headerName) // 返回所有匹配 headerName 的值的数组,如果没有匹配的返回空数组
response.status // Http 状态码,如: 200 / 400 response.contentTypemimeType // 返回 MIME 类型,如: text/plain , text/xml , application/json .charset // 返回编码 UTF-8 等
示例test.http
#### GET请求GET http://{{host}}/api/get?name={{name}}#### POST请求POST http://{{host}}/api/post/kvContent-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencodedname=zhangsan&age=11#### POST请求POST http://{{host}}/api/post/jsonContent-Type: application/jsonreferer: https://goframe.org/cookie: name=zhangsan; age=11{'name':'zhangsan','age':11}###
test2.http
#### 未登录POST http://{{host}}/system/user/info> {% client.log(JSON.stringify(response.body));client.test('Request executed successfully', function() {client.assert(response.status === 404, 'Response status is not 200');});client.test('Response content-type is json', function() {var type = response.contentType.mimeType;client.assert(type === 'application/json', 'Expected ’application/json’ but received ’' + type + '’');});client.test('Request code fail', function() {client.assert(response.body.code === -1, 'Response code is not -1');});%}#### 登陆POST http://{{host}}/system/loginContent-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencodedusername=admin&password=123456> {% client.log(JSON.stringify(response.body));client.test('Request executed successfully', function() {client.assert(response.status === 200, 'Response status is not 200');});client.test('Response content-type is json', function() {var type = response.contentType.mimeType;client.assert(type === 'application/json', 'Expected ’application/json’ but received ’' + type + '’');});client.test('Request code success', function() {client.assert(response.body.code === 0, 'Response code is not 0');client.global.set('token', response.body.data);});%}#### 登陆后访问用户信息POST http://{{host}}/system/user/infotoken: {{token}}> {% client.log(JSON.stringify(response.body));client.test('Request executed successfully', function() {client.assert(response.status === 200, 'Response status is not 200');});client.test('Response content-type is json', function() {var type = response.contentType.mimeType;client.assert(type === 'application/json', 'Expected ’application/json’ but received ’' + type + '’');});client.test('Request code success', function() {client.assert(response.body.code === 0, 'Response code is not 0');});%}#### 登陆后访问用户年龄POST http://{{host}}/system/user/agetoken: {{token}}> {% client.log(JSON.stringify(response.body));client.test('Request executed successfully', function() {client.assert(response.status === 200, 'Response status is not 200');});client.test('Response content-type is json', function() {var type = response.contentType.mimeType;client.assert(type === 'application/json', 'Expected ’application/json’ but received ’' + type + '’');});client.test('Request code success', function() {client.assert(response.body.code === 0, 'Response code is not 0');});%}###
http-client.env.json
{ 'dev': { 'host': 'http://127.0.0.1:80', 'name': 'zhangsan' }, 'prod': { 'host': 'http://127.0.0.1:80', 'name':'lisi' }}
main.go
package mainimport ('github.com/gogf/gf/frame/g''github.com/gogf/gf/net/ghttp''github.com/gogf/gf/util/guuid')var token stringfunc main() {s := g.Server()group := s.Group('/api')// 默认路径// GET带参数group.GET('/get', func(r *ghttp.Request) {r.Response.Writeln('Hello World!')r.Response.Writeln('name:', r.GetString('name'))})// POST KVgroup.POST('/post/kv', func(r *ghttp.Request) {r.Response.Writeln('func:test')r.Response.Writeln('name:', r.GetString('name'))r.Response.Writeln('age:', r.GetInt('age'))})// POST JSONgroup.POST('/post/json', func(r *ghttp.Request) {r.Response.Writeln('func:test2')r.Response.Writeln('name:', r.GetString('name'))r.Response.Writeln('age:', r.GetString('age'))h := r.Headerr.Response.Writeln('referer:', h.Get('referer'))r.Response.Writeln('cookie:', h.Get('cookie'))r.Response.Writeln(r.Cookie.Map())})// 模拟登陆system := s.Group('/system')// 登陆接口system.POST('/login', func(r *ghttp.Request) {if 'admin' == r.GetString('username') &&'123456' == r.GetString('password') {token = guuid.New().String()r.Response.WriteJson(g.Map{'code': 0,'data': token,})r.Exit()}r.Response.WriteJson(g.Map{'code': -1,'data': '',})})// 获取用户信息system.POST('/user/info', func(r *ghttp.Request) {if token != r.Header.Get('token') || token == '' {r.Response.WriteJson(g.Map{'code': -1,'data': '',})r.Exit()}// 返回用户信息r.Response.WriteJson(g.Map{'code': 0,'data': 'zhangsan',})})// 获取用户年龄system.POST('/user/age', func(r *ghttp.Request) {if token != r.Header.Get('token') || token == '' {r.Response.WriteJson(g.Map{'code': -1,'data': '',})r.Exit()}// 返回用户信息r.Response.WriteJson(g.Map{'code': 0,'data': 11,})})s.SetPort(80)s.Run()}
代码地址
github:https://github.com/goflyfox/tools
gitee:https://gitee.com/goflyfox/tools
教程视频
bilibili教程地址:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV12V411f7ab/
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