Django rest framework如何自定义用户表

Django 默认的用户表 auth_user 包含 id, password, last_login, is_superuser, username, last_name, email, is_staff, is_active, date_joined, first_name 字段。这些基本字段不够用时，在此基本表上拓展字段是很好选择。本文介绍在 DRF(Django Rest Framework) 上使用自定义用户表进行接口访问控制的功能设计。

先装必要的模块

pip install djangopip install djangorestframework

创建项目文件夹、项目和应用

E:SweetYaya> mkdir MyProj01E:SweetYaya> cd MyProj01E:SweetYayaMyProj01> django-admin startproject MyProj01 .E:SweetYayaMyProj01> django-admin startapp MyApp

同步数据库

E:SweetYayaMyProj01> python manage.py migrateOperations to perform: Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessionsRunning migrations: Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK Applying auth.0001_initial... OK Applying admin.0001_initial... OK Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK ... Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

执行如下命令后测试访问 http://127.0.0.1:8000/

E:SweetYayaMyProj01>python manage.py runserverWatching for file changes with StatReloaderPerforming system checks...System check identified no issues (0 silenced).June 07, 2021 - 21:16:57Django version 3.2.4, using settings ’MyProj01.settings’Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.2. 自定义User表

打开 MyApp/models.py 文件，创建继承自 AbstractUser 的 UserProfile 类，给它添加 name 和 mobile 字段，它就是我们自定义的用户表。

from django.db import modelsfrom django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUserclass UserProfile(AbstractUser): name = models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name='姓名') mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name='电话') class Meta:verbose_name = '用户'verbose_name_plural = '用户'def __str__(self): return self.name3. 序列化和路由

我们直接在 MyProj01/url.py 中进行定义序列化方法和路由配置

from django.urls import path, includefrom MyApp.models import UserProfilefrom rest_framework import routers, serializers, viewsets# Serializers define the API representation.class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer): class Meta:model = UserProfilefields = [’url’, ’username’, ’name’, ’mobile’, ’email’, ’is_staff’]# ViewSets define the view behavior.class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet): queryset = UserProfile.objects.all() serializer_class = UserSerializer# Routers provide an easy way of automatically determining the URL conf.router = routers.DefaultRouter()router.register(’users’, UserViewSet)# Wire up our API using automatic URL routing.# Additionally, we include login URLs for the browsable API.urlpatterns = [ path(’’, include(router.urls)), path(’api-auth/’, include(’rest_framework.urls’, namespace=’rest_framework’))]3. DRF配置

找到 MyProj01/settings.py ，做如下配置

加入上面创建的应用和 rest_framework

INSTALLED_APPS = [ ’django.contrib.admin’,... ’rest_framework’, ’MyApp’,]

添加全局认证设置

REST_FRAMEWORK = { ’DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES’: [’rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated’ ]}

修改默认用户表，至此 settings.py 全部配置完成了。

AUTH_USER_MODEL = ’MyApp.UserProfile’4. 同步数据库

执行 makemigrations 命令

E:SweetYayaMyProj01> python manage.py makemigrationsMigrations for ’MyApp’: MyAppmigrations0001_initial.py - Create model UserProfile

执行 migrate 命令出现如下错误

E:SweetYayaMyProj01> python manage.py migrateTraceback (most recent call last): File 'manage.py', line 22, in <module> main() File 'manage.py', line 18, in main execute_from_command_line(sys.argv) File 'D:Program FilesPython36libsite-packagesdjangocoremanagement__init__.py', line 419, in execute_from_command_line utility.execute() File 'D:Program FilesPython36libsite-packagesdjangocoremanagement__init__.py', line 413, in execute self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv) File 'D:Program FilesPython36libsite-packagesdjangocoremanagementbase.py', line 354, in run_from_argv self.execute(*args, **cmd_options) File 'D:Program FilesPython36libsite-packagesdjangocoremanagementbase.py', line 398, in execute output = self.handle(*args, **options) File 'D:Program FilesPython36libsite-packagesdjangocoremanagementbase.py', line 89, in wrapped res = handle_func(*args, **kwargs) File 'D:Program FilesPython36libsite-packagesdjangocoremanagementcommandsmigrate.py', line 95, in handle executor.loader.check_consistent_history(connection) File 'D:Program FilesPython36libsite-packagesdjangodbmigrationsloader.py', line 310, in check_consistent_history connection.alias,django.db.migrations.exceptions.InconsistentMigrationHistory: Migration admin.0001_initial is applied before its dependency MyApp.0001_initial on database ’default’.

解决办法

先 makemigrations打开 settings.py ，注释掉 INSTALL_APPS 中的’django.contrib.admin’,打开 urls.py ，注释掉 urlpatterns 中的 admin，再 migrate 就不报错了。最后注意把注释内容恢复回来就好了。

E:SweetYayaMyProj01> python manage.py migrateOperations to perform: Apply all migrations: MyApp, admin, auth, contenttypes, sessionsRunning migrations: Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK ... Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK5. 测试

执行命令

E:SweetYayaMyProj01>python manage.py runserver

访问 http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/ 出现结果如下，此时表明配置成功，但是尚未进行用户登录无权访问。

进入 Python Shell

E:SweetYayaMyProj01> python manage.py shellPython 3.6.6 (v3.6.6:4cf1f54eb7, Jun 27 2018, 03:37:03) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)]Type ’copyright’, ’credits’ or ’license’ for more informationIPython 6.5.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type ’?’ for help.

键入如下代码

In [1]: from MyApp.models import UserProfileIn [2]: from django.contrib.auth.hashers import make_passwordIn [3]: ist = UserProfile(username=’guest01’,password=make_password(’123456’))In [4]: ist.save()In [5]: ist = UserProfile(username=’guest02’,password=make_password(’123456’))In [6]: ist.save()

然后在数据库中查看 MyApp_userprofile 表发现多了两条记录，添加成功，继续访问 http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/ 地址，使用用户密码登录可见如下。测试完成。

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