Django 实现图片上传和下载功能
#新建工程 python manage.py startapp test30#修改 settings.pyINSTALLED_APPS = [ ’django.contrib.admin’, ’django.contrib.auth’, ’django.contrib.contenttypes’, ’django.contrib.sessions’, ’django.contrib.messages’, ’django.contrib.staticfiles’, ’stu’]#修改urls.pyfrom django.conf.urls import url, includefrom django.contrib import adminurlpatterns = [ url(r’^admin/’, admin.site.urls), url(r’student/’,include(’stu.urls’)),]#新增加 stu/urls.py #coding:utf-8from django.conf.urls import urlimport viewsurlpatterns = [ url(r’^$’,views.index_view)]#编辑 stu/views.py # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from __future__ import unicode_literalsfrom django.http import HttpResponsefrom django.shortcuts import render# Create your views here.#原生上传文件方式def index_view(request): if request.method == ’GET’: return render(request,’index.html’) elif request.method == ’POST’: #获取请求参数 uname = request.POST.get(’uname’,’’) photo = request.FILES.get(’photo’,’’) print photo.name import os print os.getcwd() if not os.path.exists(’media’): os.mkdir(’media’) #拼接路径 with open(os.path.join(os.getcwd(),’media’,photo.name),’wb’) as fw: # photo.read() #一次性读取文件到内存 # fw.write(photo.read()) #分块读取，性能高 for ck in photo.chunks():fw.write(ck) return HttpResponse(’It is post request,上传成功’) else: return HttpResponse(’It is not post and get request!’)#新增加模板文件 templates/index.html<!DOCTYPE html><html lang='en'><head> <meta charset='UTF-8'> <title>Title</title></head><body><form action='/student/' method='post' enctype='multipart/form-data'> {% csrf_token %} <p> <label for='ua'>姓名: </label> <input type='text' name='uname' /> </p> <p> <label for='ph'>头像: </label> <input type='file' name='photo' /> </p> <p>      <input type='submit' value='注册'/> </p></form></body></html>#效果如下:访问: http://127.0.0.1:8000/student/
需求：效果: 访问 http://127.0.0.1:8000/student/ 通过注册将姓名、头像地址传入数据库中；访问 http://127.0.0.1:8000/student/showall 将数据库信息通过表格形式展示###过程#修改 settings.py ，templates 新增加 ’django.template.context_processors.media’TEMPLATES = [ { ’BACKEND’: ’django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates’, ’DIRS’: [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ’templates’)] , ’APP_DIRS’: True, ’OPTIONS’: { ’context_processors’: [’django.template.context_processors.debug’,’django.template.context_processors.request’,’django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth’,’django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages’,’django.template.context_processors.media’ ], }, },]末尾增加：# global_settings#指定上传文件存储相对路径（读取文件）MEDIA_URL = ’/media/’#指定上传文件存储绝对路径（存储文件）MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,’media’)#创建数据库模型 stu/models.py# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from __future__ import unicode_literalsfrom django.db import models# Create your models here.class Student(models.Model): sno = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) sname = models.CharField(max_length=30) photo = models.ImageField(upload_to=’imgs’) def __unicode__(self): return u’Student:%s’%self.sname#生成数据库迁移文件,查看数据库表结构python makemigrations stupython migrate #修改 urls.py 因为显示问题，增加 DEBUG 内容from django.conf.urls import url, includefrom django.contrib import adminfrom test30.settings import DEBUG, MEDIA_ROOTurlpatterns = [ url(r’^admin/’, admin.site.urls), url(r’student/’,include(’stu.urls’)),]from django.views.static import serveif DEBUG: urlpatterns+=url(r’^media/(?P<path>.*)/$’, serve, {'document_root': MEDIA_ROOT}),#修改 urls， stu/urls.py#coding:utf-8from django.conf.urls import urlimport viewsurlpatterns = [ url(r’^$’,views.index_view), url(r’^upload/$’,views.upload_view), url(r’^showall/$’,views.showall_view)]# 修改 stu/views.py#django 上传文件方式def upload_view(request): uname = request.POST.get(’uname’,’’) photo = request.FILES.get(’photo’,’’) #入库操作 Student.objects.create(sname=uname,photo=photo) return HttpResponse(’上传成功!’)#显示图片def showall_view(request): stus = Student.objects.all() print stus return render(request,’show.html’,{’stus’:stus})# 修改 index.html<!DOCTYPE html><html lang='en'><head> <meta charset='UTF-8'> <title>Title</title></head><body><form action='/student/upload/' method='post' enctype='multipart/form-data'> {% csrf_token %} <p> <label for='ua'>姓名: </label> <input type='text' name='uname' /> </p> <p> <label for='ph'>头像: </label> <input type='file' name='photo' /> </p> <p>      <input type='submit' value='注册'/> </p></form></body></html># 增加模板文件 show.html<!DOCTYPE html><html lang='en'><head> <meta charset='UTF-8'> <title>Title</title></head><body><table border='1' cellspacing='0'> <tr> <th>编号</th> <th>姓名</th> <th>头像</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> {% for stu in stus %} <tr> <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td> <td>{{ stu.sname }}</td> <td><img src='https://www.haobala.com/bcjs/{{ MEDIA_URL }}{{ stu.photo }}'/></td> <td> 下载</td> </tr> {% endfor %}</table></body></html>效果图：http://127.0.0.1:8000/student/ 注册实现数据库录入操作(点击提交通过index.html 中action='/student/upload/' 将url 转发至函数upload_view ，实现上传功能)http://127.0.0.1:8000/student/showall/ 实现数据库信息展示
### 需求在显示页面点击下载实现图片的下载功能过程：#修改 show.html ，加入 下载的超链接<!DOCTYPE html><html lang='en'><head> <meta charset='UTF-8'> <title>Title</title></head><body><table border='1' cellspacing='0'> <tr> <th>编号</th> <th>姓名</th> <th>头像</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> {% for stu in stus %} <tr> <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td> <td>{{ stu.sname }}</td> <td><img src='https://www.haobala.com/bcjs/{{ MEDIA_URL }}{{ stu.photo }}'/></td> <td><a href='https://www.haobala.com/student/download/?photo={{ stu.photo }}' rel='external nofollow' >下载</a></td> </tr> {% endfor %}</table></body></html>#因为 show.html href='https://www.haobala.com/student/download ，所以要修改urls#修改 stu/urls.py,新增加 urlurl(r’^download/$’,views.download_view)#修改 stu/views.pydef download_view(request): # 获取请求参数（图片存储位置） imgs/5566.jpg photo = request.GET.get(’photo’,’’) print photo # 获取图片文件名5566.jpg ; rindex 为字符 ’/’ 在 photo 中最后出现的位置索引；例如 # txt = 'imgs/5566.jpg' # x = txt.rindex('/') # print txt[x + 1:] 输出结果为 5566.jpg filename = photo[photo.rindex(’/’)+1:] print filename #开启一个流 import os path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(),’media’,photo.replace(’/’,’’)) print path with open(path,’rb’) as fr: response = HttpResponse(fr.read()) response[’Content-Type’]=’image/png’ response[’Content-Disposition’] = ’attachment;filename=’ + filename return response#访问 http://127.0.0.1:8000/student/showall/ ，点击下载
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