Django-simple-captcha验证码包使用方法详解
django-simple-captcha是django的验证码包，非常简单实用，这次记录的是如何点击验证码后刷新验证码，因为这个功能官方文档并没有详细给出。
django-simple-captcha官方文档：http://django-simple-captcha.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
django-simple-captcha的github网址：https://github.com/mbi/django-simple-captcha
开始
1.安装 pip install django-simple-captcha， pip install Pillow
2.将captcha 加入 settings.py 的 INSTALLED_APPS
3.运行 python manage.py makemigrations 和 python manage.py migrate
4.url路由加入urls.py的urlpatterns
urlpatterns = [ path(’captcha/’, include(’captcha.urls’)), # 图片验证码 路由 path(’refresh_captcha/’, views.refresh_captcha), # 刷新验证码，ajax path(’test/’,IndexView.as_view()), #get与post请求路径]
5.在views.py中加入以下代码
from django.shortcuts import renderfrom django.views.generic import Viewfrom captcha.models import CaptchaStorefrom captcha.helpers import captcha_image_urlfrom django.http import HttpResponseimport json# 创建验证码def captcha(): hashkey = CaptchaStore.generate_key() # 验证码答案 image_url = captcha_image_url(hashkey) # 验证码地址 captcha = {’hashkey’: hashkey, ’image_url’: image_url} return captcha#刷新验证码def refresh_captcha(request): return HttpResponse(json.dumps(captcha()), content_type=’application/json’)# 验证验证码def jarge_captcha(captchaStr, captchaHashkey): if captchaStr and captchaHashkey: try: # 获取根据hashkey获取数据库中的response值 get_captcha = CaptchaStore.objects.get(hashkey=captchaHashkey) if get_captcha.response == captchaStr.lower(): # 如果验证码匹配return True except: return False else: return Falseclass IndexView(View): def get(self, request): hashkey = CaptchaStore.generate_key() # 验证码答案 image_url = captcha_image_url(hashkey) # 验证码地址 print(hashkey,image_url) captcha = {’hashkey’: hashkey, ’image_url’: image_url} return render(request, 'login.html', locals()) def post(self, request): capt = request.POST.get('captcha', None) # 用户提交的验证码 key = request.POST.get('hashkey', None) # 验证码答案 if jarge_captcha(capt, key): return HttpResponse('验证码正确') else: return HttpResponse('验证码错误')
6.templates文件夹下login.html的内容
{% load static %}<html lang='en'><head> <meta charset='UTF-8'> <title>Title</title> <script src='https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.js'></script> <script src='https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/4.0.0/js/bootstrap.js'></script></head><body> <form action='/test/' method='post'> {% csrf_token %} <a href='https://www.haobala.com/bcjs/17127.html#' rel='external nofollow' class='captcha'> <img src='https://www.haobala.com/bcjs/{{ captcha.image_url }}' alt='点击切换' > </a> <br> <input type='text' name='captcha' placeholder='验证码'> <br> <input value='{{ captcha.hashkey }}' name='hashkey' type='hidden' id='id_captcha_0'> <button type='submit' class='btn btn-primary btn-block '>提交</button> </form><script> <!-- 动态刷新验证码js --> $(document).ready(function(){ $(’.captcha’).click(function () {$.getJSON('/refresh_captcha/', function (result) { $(’#id_captcha’).attr(’src’, result[’image_url’]); $(’#id_captcha_0’).val(result[’hashkey’])}); }); });</script></body></html>
django-simple-captcha并没有使用session对验证码进行存储，而是使用了数据库，当你在做数据库迁移的时候会生成一个表 captcha_captchastore ，包含以下字段
challenge = models.CharField(blank=False, max_length=32) # 验证码大写或者数学计算比如 1+1response = models.CharField(blank=False, max_length=32) # 需要输入的验证码 验证码小写或数学计算的结果 比如 2hashkey = models.CharField(blank=False, max_length=40, unique=True) # hash值expiration = models.DateTimeField(blank=False) # 到期时间
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持好吧啦网。
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