Django利用elasticsearch(搜索引擎)实现搜索功能
1、在Django配置搜索结果页的路由映射
'''pachong URL ConfigurationThe `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/http/urls/Examples:Function views 1. Add an import: from my_app import views 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r’^/pre>, views.home, name=’home’)Class-based views 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r’^/pre>, Home.as_view(), name=’home’)Including another URLconf 1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r’^blog/’, include(’blog.urls’))'''from django.conf.urls import urlfrom django.contrib import adminfrom app1 import viewsurlpatterns = [ url(r’^admin/’, admin.site.urls), url(r’^/pre>, views.indexluoji), url(r’^index/’, views.indexluoji), url(r’^suggest//pre>, views.suggestluoji,name='suggest'), # 搜索字段补全请求 url(r’^search//pre>, views.searchluoji,name='search'), # 搜索]
2、编写逻辑处理函数
在逻辑处理函数里实现搜索数据
（1）获取到用户的搜索词
（2）利用原生的elasticsearch(搜索引擎)接口，实现搜索，注明：elasticsearch-dsl就是在原生的elasticsearch上做了封装
Elasticsearch()方法，连接原生的elasticsearch服务器
search()方法，原生elasticsearch查询方法，支持原生的elasticsearch查询语句，返回的原生语句结果也就是字典形式的数据
在查询语句里进行关键词高亮处理
将查询到的结果，循环获取到后返回到html页面
from django.shortcuts import render# Create your views here.from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponsefrom django.views.generic.base import Viewfrom app1.models import lagouType # 导入操作elasticsearch(搜索引擎)类import jsonfrom elasticsearch import Elasticsearch # 导入原生的elasticsearch(搜索引擎)接口client = Elasticsearch(hosts=['127.0.0.1']) # 连接原生的elasticsearchdef indexluoji(request): print(request.method) # 获取用户请求的路径 return render(request, ’index.html’)def suggestluoji(request): # 搜索自动补全逻辑处理 key_words = request.GET.get(’s’, ’’) # 获取到请求词 re_datas = [] if key_words: s = lagouType.search() # 实例化elasticsearch(搜索引擎)类的search查询 s = s.suggest(’my_suggest’, key_words, completion={ 'field': 'suggest', 'fuzzy': { 'fuzziness': 1 }, 'size': 5 }) suggestions = s.execute_suggest() for match in suggestions.my_suggest[0].options: source = match._source re_datas.append(source['title']) return HttpResponse(json.dumps(re_datas), content_type='application/json')def searchluoji(request): # 搜索逻辑处理 key_words = request.GET.get(’q’, ’’) # 获取到请求词 response = client.search( # 原生的elasticsearch接口的search()方法，就是搜索，可以支持原生elasticsearch语句查询 index='lagou', # 设置索引名称 doc_type='biao', # 设置表名称 body={ # 书写elasticsearch语句 'query': { 'multi_match': {# multi_match查询 'query': key_words, # 查询关键词 'fields': ['title', 'description'] # 查询字段 } }, 'from': 0, # 从第几条开始获取 'size': 10, # 获取多少条数据 'highlight': { # 查询关键词高亮处理 'pre_tags': [’<span class='keyWord'>’], # 高亮开始标签 'post_tags': [’</span>’], # 高亮结束标签 'fields': { # 高亮设置 'title': {},# 高亮字段 'description': {} # 高亮字段 } } } ) total_nums = response['hits']['total'] # 获取查询结果的总条数 hit_list = [] # 设置一个列表来储存搜索到的信息，返回给html页面 for hit in response['hits']['hits']: # 循环查询到的结果 hit_dict = {} # 设置一个字典来储存循环结果 if 'title' in hit['highlight']: # 判断title字段，如果高亮字段有类容 hit_dict['title'] = ''.join(hit['highlight']['title']) # 获取高亮里的title else: hit_dict['title'] = hit['_source']['title'] # 否则获取不是高亮里的title if 'description' in hit['highlight']: # 判断description字段，如果高亮字段有类容 hit_dict['description'] = ''.join(hit['highlight']['description'])[:500] # 获取高亮里的description else: hit_dict['description'] = hit['_source']['description'] # 否则获取不是高亮里的description hit_dict['url'] = hit['_source']['url'] # 获取返回url hit_list.append(hit_dict) # 将获取到内容的字典，添加到列表 return render(request, ’result.html’, {'all_hits': hit_list, 'key_words': key_words}) #显示页面和将列表和搜索词返回到html
3、html页面接收搜索结果
注意：因为Django实现了防止恶意代码写入，凡是通过变量传输到html页面的html类型代码，将会被自动转换成字符串方式显示，索引我们需要在接收变量的字段用：{% autoescape off %} {{ 接收变量 }} {% endautoescape %}，来显示html代码，
搜索后因为进行了一次跳转，所以搜索框里的搜索词将不存在，我们需要在传递搜索结果到页面的时候，将搜索词也传递进来填充到搜索框
<!DOCTYPE html ><html xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>{#引入静态文件路径#}{% load staticfiles %}<head><meta http-equiv='X-UA-Compatible' content='IE=emulateIE7' /><meta http-equiv='Content-Type' content='text/html; charset=utf-8' /><title>python-lcv-search搜索引擎</title><link href='https://www.haobala.com/bcjs/{% static ’css/style.css’%}' rel='external nofollow' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' /><link href='https://www.haobala.com/bcjs/{% static ’css/result.css’%}' rel='external nofollow' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' /></head><body><div id='container'> <div class='ue-clear'> <a href='https://www.haobala.com/' rel='external nofollow' ><div class='logo'></div></a> <div class='inputArea'> <input type='text' value='{{ key_words }}'/> <input type='button' onclick='add_search()'/> </div> </div> <div class='nav'> <ul class='searchList'> <li data-type='article'>文章</li> <li data-type='question'>问答</li> <li data-type='job'>职位</li> </ul> </div> <div class='ue-clear'> <div id='main'> <div class='sideBar'> <div class='subfield'>网站</div> <ul class='subfieldContext'> <li> <span class='name'>伯乐在线</span> <span class='unit'>(None)</span> </li> <li> <span class='name'>知乎</span> <span class='unit'>(9862)</span> </li> <li> <span class='name'>拉勾网</span> <span class='unit'>(9862)</span> </li> <li class='more'> <a href='javascript:;' rel='external nofollow' rel='external nofollow' > <span class='text'>更多</span> <i class='moreIcon'></i> </a> </li> </ul> <div class='sideBarShowHide'> <a href='javascript:;' rel='external nofollow' rel='external nofollow' class='icon'></a> </div> </div> <div class='resultArea'> <p class='resultTotal'> <span class='info'>找到约 <span class='totalResult'>45</span> 条结果(用时<span class='time'>0.643128</span>秒)，共约<span class='totalPage'>5</span>页</span> </p> <div class='resultList'> {% for hit in all_hits %} <div class='resultItem'> <div class='itemHead'><a href='https://www.haobala.com/bcjs/{% autoescape off %} {{ hit.url }} {% endautoescape %}' rel='external nofollow' target='_blank' class='title'>{% autoescape off %} {{ hit.title }} {% endautoescape %}</a><span class='divsion'>-</span><span class='fileType'> <span class='label'>来源：</span> <span class='value'>网络</span></span><span class='dependValue'> <span class='label'>得分：</span> <span class='value'>3.401155</span></span> </div> <div class='itemBody'>{% autoescape off %} {{ hit.description }} {% endautoescape %} </div> </div> {% endfor %} </div> <!-- 分页 --> <div class='pagination ue-clear'></div> <!-- 相关搜索 --> </div> <div class='historyArea'> <div class='hotSearch'> <h6>热门搜索</h6> <ul class='historyList'> <li><a href='https://www.haobala.com/search?q=linux' rel='external nofollow' >linux</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class='mySearch'> <h6>我的搜索</h6> <ul class='historyList'> </ul> </div> </div> </div><!-- End of main --> </div><!--End of bd--></div><div id='foot'>Copyright ©projectsedu.com 版权所有 E-mail:admin@projectsedu.com</div></body><script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.haobala.com/bcjs/{% static ’js/jquery.js’%}'></script><script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.haobala.com/bcjs/{% static ’js/global.js’%}'></script><script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.haobala.com/bcjs/{% static ’js/pagination.js’%}'></script><script type='text/javascript'> var search_url = '/search/' $(’.searchList’).on(’click’, ’.searchItem’, function(){ $(’.searchList .searchItem’).removeClass(’current’); $(this).addClass(’current’); }); $.each($(’.subfieldContext’), function(i, item){ $(this).find(’li:gt(2)’).hide().end().find(’li:last’).show(); }); function removeByValue(arr, val) { for(var i=0; i<arr.length; i++) { if(arr[i] == val) { arr.splice(i, 1); break; } } } $(’.subfieldContext .more’).click(function(e){ var $more = $(this).parent(’.subfieldContext’).find(’.more’); if($more.hasClass(’show’)){ if($(this).hasClass(’define’)){ $(this).parent(’.subfieldContext’).find(’.more’).removeClass(’show’).find(’.text’).text(’自定义’); }else{ $(this).parent(’.subfieldContext’).find(’.more’).removeClass(’show’).find(’.text’).text(’更多’); } $(this).parent(’.subfieldContext’).find(’li:gt(2)’).hide().end().find(’li:last’).show(); }else{ $(this).parent(’.subfieldContext’).find(’.more’).addClass(’show’).find(’.text’).text(’收起’); $(this).parent(’.subfieldContext’).find(’li:gt(2)’).show(); } }); $(’.sideBarShowHide a’).click(function(e) { if($(’#main’).hasClass(’sideBarHide’)){ $(’#main’).removeClass(’sideBarHide’); $(’#container’).removeClass(’sideBarHide’); }else{ $(’#main’).addClass(’sideBarHide’); $(’#container’).addClass(’sideBarHide’); } }); var key_words = 'java' //分页 $('.pagination').pagination(45, { current_page :0, //当前页码 items_per_page :10, display_msg :true, callback :pageselectCallback }); function pageselectCallback(page_id, jq) { window.location.href=search_url+’?q=’+key_words+’&p=’+page_id } setHeight(); $(window).resize(function(){ setHeight(); }); function setHeight(){ if($(’#container’).outerHeight() < $(window).height()){ $(’#container’).height($(window).height()-33); } }</script><script type='text/javascript'> $(’.searchList’).on(’click’, ’.searchItem’, function(){ $(’.searchList .searchItem’).removeClass(’current’); $(this).addClass(’current’); }); // 联想下拉显示隐藏 $(’.searchInput’).on(’focus’, function(){ $(’.dataList’).show() }); // 联想下拉点击 $(’.dataList’).on(’click’, ’li’, function(){ var text = $(this).text(); $(’.searchInput’).val(text); $(’.dataList’).hide() }); hideElement($(’.dataList’), $(’.searchInput’));</script><script> var searchArr; //定义一个search的，判断浏览器有无数据存储（搜索历史） if(localStorage.search){ //如果有，转换成 数组的形式存放到searchArr的数组里（localStorage以字符串的形式存储，所以要把它转换成数组的形式） searchArr= localStorage.search.split(',') }else{ //如果没有，则定义searchArr为一个空的数组 searchArr = []; } //把存储的数据显示出来作为搜索历史 MapSearchArr(); function add_search(){ var val = $('.searchInput').val(); if (val.length>=2){ //点击搜索按钮时，去重 KillRepeat(val); //去重后把数组存储到浏览器localStorage localStorage.search = searchArr; //然后再把搜索内容显示出来 MapSearchArr(); } window.location.href=search_url+’?q=’+val+'&s_type='+$('.searchItem.current').attr(’data-type’) } function MapSearchArr(){ var tmpHtml = ''; var arrLen = 0 if (searchArr.length > 6){ arrLen = 6 }else { arrLen = searchArr.length } for (var i=0;i<arrLen;i++){ tmpHtml += ’<li><a href='https://www.haobala.com/search?q=’+searchArr[i]+’' rel='external nofollow' >’+searchArr[i]+’</a></li>’ } $('.mySearch .historyList').append(tmpHtml); } //去重 function KillRepeat(val){ var kill = 0; for (var i=0;i<searchArr.length;i++){ if(val===searchArr[i]){ kill ++; } } if(kill<1){ searchArr.unshift(val); }else { removeByValue(searchArr, val) searchArr.unshift(val) } }</script></html>
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