教你如何使用Python Tkinter库制作记事本

现在为了创建这个记事本，你的系统中应该已经安装了 Python 3 和 Tkinter。您可以根据系统要求下载合适的python 包。成功安装 python 后，您需要安装 Tkinter（一个 Python 的 GUI 包）。

使用此命令安装 Tkinter ：

pip install python-tk

导入 Tkinter ：

import tkinterimport osfrom tkinter import *from tkinter.messagebox import *from tkinter.filedialog import *

注意： messagebox用于在称为记事本的白框中写入消息，filedialog用于在您从系统中的任何位置打开文件或将文件保存在特定位置或位置时出现的对话框。

添加菜单：

# Add controls(widget) self.__thisTextArea.grid(sticky = N + E + S + W) # To open new file self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label = 'New', command = self.__newFile) # To open a already existing file self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label = 'Open', command = self.__openFile) # To save current file self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label = 'Save', command = self.__saveFile) # To create a line in the dialog self.__thisFileMenu.add_separator() # To terminate self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label = 'Exit', command = self.__quitApplication) self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label = 'File',menu = self.__thisFileMenu) # To give a feature of cut self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label = 'Cut', command = self.__cut) # To give a feature of copy self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label = 'Copy', command = self.__copy) # To give a feature of paste self.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label = 'Paste', command = self.__paste) # To give a feature of editing self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label = 'Edit',menu = self.__thisEditMenu) # To create a feature of description of the notepad self.__thisHelpMenu.add_command(label = 'About Notepad', command = self.__showAbout) self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label = 'Help',menu = self.__thisHelpMenu) self.__root.config(menu = self.__thisMenuBar) self.__thisScrollBar.pack(side = RIGHT, fill = Y) # Scrollbar will adjust automatically # according to the content self.__thisScrollBar.config(command = self.__thisTextArea.yview) self.__thisTextArea.config(yscrollcommand = self.__thisScrollBar.set)

使用此代码，我们将在记事本的窗口中添加菜单，并向其中添加复制、粘贴、保存等内容。

添加功能：

def __quitApplication(self): self.__root.destroy() # exit() def __showAbout(self): showinfo('Notepad', 'Mrinal Verma') def __openFile(self): self.__file = askopenfilename(defaultextension='.txt', filetypes=[('All Files','*.*'), ('Text Documents','*.txt')]) if self.__file == '': # no file to open self.__file = None else: # try to open the file # set the window title self.__root.title(os.path.basename(self.__file) + ' - Notepad') self.__thisTextArea.delete(1.0,END) file = open(self.__file,'r') self.__thisTextArea.insert(1.0,file.read()) file.close() def __newFile(self): self.__root.title('Untitled - Notepad') self.__file = None self.__thisTextArea.delete(1.0,END) def __saveFile(self): if self.__file == None: #save as new file self.__file = asksaveasfilename(initialfile=’Untitled.txt’, defaultextension='.txt', filetypes=[('All Files','*.*'), ('Text Documents','*.txt')]) if self.__file == '': self.__file = Noneelse: # try to save the file file = open(self.__file,'w') file.write(self.__thisTextArea.get(1.0,END)) file.close() # change the window title self.__root.title(os.path.basename(self.__file) + ' - Notepad') else: file = open(self.__file,'w') file.write(self.__thisTextArea.get(1.0,END)) file.close() def __cut(self): self.__thisTextArea.event_generate('<<Cut>>') def __copy(self): self.__thisTextArea.event_generate('<<Copy>>') def __paste(self): self.__thisTextArea.event_generate('<<Paste>>')

在这里，我们添加了记事本中所需的所有功能，您也可以添加其他功能，例如字体大小、字体颜色、粗体、下划线等。

合并后的主要代码：

import tkinterimport osfrom tkinter import *from tkinter.messagebox import *from tkinter.filedialog import * class Notepad: __root = Tk() # default window width and height __thisWidth = 300 __thisHeight = 300 __thisTextArea = Text(__root) __thisMenuBar = Menu(__root) __thisFileMenu = Menu(__thisMenuBar, tearoff=0) __thisEditMenu = Menu(__thisMenuBar, tearoff=0) __thisHelpMenu = Menu(__thisMenuBar, tearoff=0) # To add scrollbar __thisScrollBar = Scrollbar(__thisTextArea) __file = None def __init__(self, **kwargs): # Set icontry: self.__root.wm_iconbitmap('Notepad.ico')except: pass # Set window size (the default is 300x300) try: self.__thisWidth = kwargs[’width’]except KeyError: pass try: self.__thisHeight = kwargs[’height’]except KeyError: pass # Set the window textself.__root.title('Untitled - Notepad') # Center the windowscreenWidth = self.__root.winfo_screenwidth()screenHeight = self.__root.winfo_screenheight() # For left-allingleft = (screenWidth / 2) - (self.__thisWidth / 2) # For right-alligntop = (screenHeight / 2) - (self.__thisHeight / 2) # For top and bottomself.__root.geometry(’%dx%d+%d+%d’ % (self.__thisWidth, self.__thisHeight, left, top)) # To make the textarea auto resizableself.__root.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)self.__root.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1) # Add controls (widget)self.__thisTextArea.grid(sticky=N + E + S + W) # To open new fileself.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label='New',command=self.__newFile) # To open a already existing fileself.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label='Open',command=self.__openFile) # To save current fileself.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label='Save',command=self.__saveFile) # To create a line in the dialogself.__thisFileMenu.add_separator()self.__thisFileMenu.add_command(label='Exit',command=self.__quitApplication)self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label='File', menu=self.__thisFileMenu) # To give a feature of cutself.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label='Cut',command=self.__cut) # to give a feature of copyself.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label='Copy',command=self.__copy) # To give a feature of pasteself.__thisEditMenu.add_command(label='Paste',command=self.__paste) # To give a feature of editingself.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label='Edit', menu=self.__thisEditMenu) # To create a feature of description of the notepadself.__thisHelpMenu.add_command(label='About Notepad',command=self.__showAbout)self.__thisMenuBar.add_cascade(label='Help', menu=self.__thisHelpMenu) self.__root.config(menu=self.__thisMenuBar) self.__thisScrollBar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y) # Scrollbar will adjust automatically according to the contentself.__thisScrollBar.config(command=self.__thisTextArea.yview)self.__thisTextArea.config(yscrollcommand=self.__thisScrollBar.set) def __quitApplication(self):self.__root.destroy()# exit() def __showAbout(self):showinfo('Notepad', 'Mrinal Verma') def __openFile(self): self.__file = askopenfilename(defaultextension='.txt', filetypes=[('All Files', '*.*'), ('Text Documents', '*.txt')]) if self.__file == '': # no file to open self.__file = Noneelse: # Try to open the file # set the window title self.__root.title(os.path.basename(self.__file) + ' - Notepad') self.__thisTextArea.delete(1.0, END) file = open(self.__file, 'r') self.__thisTextArea.insert(1.0, file.read()) file.close() def __newFile(self):self.__root.title('Untitled - Notepad')self.__file = Noneself.__thisTextArea.delete(1.0, END) def __saveFile(self): if self.__file == None: # Save as new file self.__file = asksaveasfilename(initialfile=’Untitled.txt’, defaultextension='.txt', filetypes=[('All Files', '*.*'), ('Text Documents', '*.txt')]) if self.__file == '':self.__file = None else: # Try to save the filefile = open(self.__file, 'w')file.write(self.__thisTextArea.get(1.0, END))file.close() # Change the window titleself.__root.title(os.path.basename(self.__file) + ' - Notepad') else: file = open(self.__file, 'w') file.write(self.__thisTextArea.get(1.0, END)) file.close() def __cut(self):self.__thisTextArea.event_generate('<<Cut>>') def __copy(self):self.__thisTextArea.event_generate('<<Copy>>') def __paste(self):self.__thisTextArea.event_generate('<<Paste>>') def run(self): # Run main applicationself.__root.mainloop() # Run main application notepad = Notepad(width=600, height=400)notepad.run()

要运行此代码，请使用扩展名.py保存它，然后打开 cmd（命令提示符）并移动到保存文件的位置，然后编写以下内容

python 'filename'.py

然后按回车，它就会运行。或者可以通过简单地双击您的.py扩展文件直接运行。

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