python cv2图像质量压缩的算法示例
使用opencv对图像进行编码,一方面是图像二进制传输的需要,另一方面对图像压缩。以jpeg压缩为例:
1、转为二进制编码img = cv2.imread(img_path)# 取值范围:0~100,数值越小,压缩比越高,图片质量损失越严重params = [cv2.IMWRITE_JPEG_QUALITY, ratio] # ratio:0~100msg = cv2.imencode('.jpg', img, params)[1]msg = (np.array(msg)).tobytes()print('msg:', len(msg))
对于png压缩,改为:
# 取值范围:0~9,数值越小,压缩比越低,图片质量越高params = [cv2.IMWRITE_PNG_COMPRESSION, ratio] # ratio: 0~9msg = cv2.imencode('.png', img, params)[1]msg = (np.array(msg)).tobytes()
对于图像解码,使用imdecode即可解为numpy类型图像:
img = cv2.imdecode(np.frombuffer(msg, np.uint8), cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)print(img.shape, type(img))2、图像质量压缩
原图(48k):
jpg压缩:
img_path = r'E:img.jpg'img = cv2.imread(img_path)cv2.imwrite(r'E:ret_80.jpg', img, [cv2.IMWRITE_JPEG_QUALITY, 80])cv2.imwrite(r'E:ret_40.jpg', img, [cv2.IMWRITE_JPEG_QUALITY, 40])cv2.imwrite(r'E:ret_10.jpg', img, [cv2.IMWRITE_JPEG_QUALITY, 10])cv2.imwrite(r'E:ret_0.jpg', img, [cv2.IMWRITE_JPEG_QUALITY, 0])
结果:
压缩后图像大小依次为:49.6K、25.6K、11K、5.02K。jpg压缩明显,压缩到极致时颜色信息损失严重。
png压缩:
img_path = r'E:img.jpg'img = cv2.imread(img_path)cv2.imwrite(r'E:ret_0.png', img, [cv2.IMWRITE_PNG_COMPRESSION, 0])cv2.imwrite(r'E:ret_3.png', img, [cv2.IMWRITE_PNG_COMPRESSION, 3])cv2.imwrite(r'E:ret_6.png', img, [cv2.IMWRITE_PNG_COMPRESSION, 6])cv2.imwrite(r'E:ret_9.png', img, [cv2.IMWRITE_PNG_COMPRESSION, 9])
结果:
压缩后图像大小依次为:675K、364K、364K、360K。png格式偏大,压缩率调到最高也还有360K,且成像上无明显变化。
PS:也可以对图像压缩后保存,如:
img_path = r'E:img.jpg'img = cv2.imread(img_path)params = [cv2.IMWRITE_PNG_COMPRESSION, 0]msg = cv2.imencode('.png', img, params)[1]msg = (np.array(msg)).tobytes()print('msg:', len(msg))img = cv2.imdecode(np.frombuffer(msg, np.uint8), cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)cv2.imwrite(rr'E:ret.jpg', img)
bug处理:
早期版本这样写:
msg = (np.array(msg)).tostring()改为:msg = (np.array(msg)).tobytes() img = cv2.imdecode(np.fromstring(msg, np.uint8), cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)改为:img = cv2.imdecode(np.frombuffer(msg, np.uint8), cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)
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