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Oracle 数据库启动过程的三阶段、停库四种模式详解
目录
- 数据库的启动过程(3个台阶)
- 1.nomount
- 2.mount
- 3.open
数据库的启动过程(3个台阶)
1.nomount
shutdown --> nomount
startup nomount
select status from v$instance;
SQL> SQL> conn / as sysdba Connected to an idle instance. SQL> SQL> startup nomount ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 629145392 bytes Fixed Size 9137968 bytes Variable Size 197132288 bytes Database Buffers 415236096 bytes Redo Buffers7639040 bytes SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> select status from v$instance; STATUS ------------ STARTED SQL>
数据库启动到nomount做了什么?
- 分配实例(ipcs -sm, ps -ef | grep ora_)
- 写审计文件和警报日志
数据库启动到nomount需要什么?
- 参数文件
- 需要审计目录和诊断目录
nomount状态可以做什么?
- 可以修改参数
- 可以查看内存和后台进程的信息
- 可以创建数据库
- 可以重建控制文件
SQL> SQL> select * from v$sgainfo; NAME BYTES RES CON_ID -------------------------------- ---------- --- ---------- Fixed SGA Size 9137968 No 0 Redo Buffers7639040 No 0 Buffer Cache Size 411041792 Yes 0 In-Memory Area Size 0 No 0 Shared Pool Size 197132288 Yes 0 Large Pool Size 4194304 Yes 0 Java Pool Size 0 Yes 0 Streams Pool Size 0 Yes 0 Shared IO Pool Size 0 Yes 0 Data Transfer Cache Size 0 Yes 0 Granule Size4194304 No 0 NAME BYTES RES CON_ID -------------------------------- ---------- --- ---------- Maximum SGA Size 629145392 No 0 Startup overhead in Shared Pool 193465328 No 0 Free SGA Memory Available 0 0 14 rows selected. SQL> select name from v$bgprocess where paddr<>"00"; NAME ----- PMON CLMN PSP0 VKTM GEN0 MMAN M000 GEN1 SCMN DIAG OFSD NAME ----- SCMN DBRM VKRM SVCB PMAN DIA0 DBW0 LGWR CKPT LG00 SMON NAME ----- LG01 SMCO RECO W000 LREG W001 PXMN FENC D000 MMON MMNL NAME ----- S000 TMON 35 rows selected. SQL>
2.mount
shutdown --> mount
- startup mount
nomount --> mount
- alter database mount;
SQL> SQL> select status from v$instance; STATUS ------------ STARTED SQL> alter database mount; Database altered. SQL> select status from v$instance; STATUS ------------ MOUNTED SQL>
数据库启动到mount做了什么?
- 加载控制文件的信息到内存
数据库启动到mount状态需要做什么?
- 控制文件
mount状态可以做什么?
- 可以备份、还原、恢复
- 可以移动数据库文件
- 可以进行数据文件的offline
- 可以打开和关闭归档模式
- 可以打开和关闭闪回数据库的功能
SQL> SQL> select name from v$datafile; NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /u02/oradata/CDB1/system01.dbf /u02/oradata/CDB1/sysaux01.dbf /u02/oradata/CDB1/undotbs01.dbf /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdbseed/system01.dbf /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf /u02/oradata/CDB1/users01.dbf /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdb1/system01.dbf /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdb1/sysaux01.dbf /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdb1/undotbs01.dbf /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdb1/users01.dbf 11 rows selected. SQL> select name from v$tempfile; NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /u02/oradata/CDB1/temp01.dbf /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdbseed/temp012022-11-02_15-16-24-663-PM.dbf /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdb1/temp01.dbf SQL> SQL> select member from v$logfile; MEMBER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo03.log /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo02.log /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo01.log SQL>
3.open
shutdown --> open
- startup
nomount ----> open
- alter database mount;
- alter datbase open;
只读方式去打开数据库
SQL> SQL> startup mount ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 629145392 bytes Fixed Size 9137968 bytes Variable Size 197132288 bytes Database Buffers 415236096 bytes Redo Buffers7639040 bytes Database mounted. SQL> SQL> SQL> select status from v$instance; STATUS ------------ MOUNTED SQL> SQL> alter database open read only; Database altered. SQL> SQL> select status from v$instance; STATUS ------------ OPEN SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> select open_mode from v$database; OPEN_MODE -------------------- READ ONLY SQL>
SQL> SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 629145392 bytes Fixed Size 9137968 bytes Variable Size 197132288 bytes Database Buffers 415236096 bytes Redo Buffers7639040 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL>
数据库启动到open做了什么?
- 加载联机日志和数据文件
数据库启动到open需要什么?
- 联机日志和数据文件
open状态可以做什么?
数据库的停止(四种模式)
1.正常停库: shutdown normal = shutdown
- 普通用户的连接不允许建立
- 等待查询结束
- 等待事务结束
- 产生检查点(数据同步)
- 关闭联机日志和数据文件
- 关闭控制文件
- 关闭实例
2.事务级停库: shutdown transactional
- 普通用户的连接不允许建立
- 查询被终止
- 等待事务结束
- 产生检查点(数据同步)
- 关闭联机日志和数据文件
- 关闭控制文件
- 关闭实例
3.立即停库 : shutdown immediate (生产库最常用的停库方式)
- 普通用户的连接不允许建立
- 查询被终止
- 事务被回退
- 产生检查点(数据同步)
- 关闭联机日志和数据文件
- 关闭控制文件
- 关闭实例
4.强制停库 : shutdown abort
相当于拔电源
(停止之后的数据库是脏库)
注意:这些命令需要慎用
startup force = shutdown abort + startup startup force nomount = shutdown abort + startup nomount startup force mount = shutdown abort + startup mount
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