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Oracle递归查询树形数据实例代码
目录
- 概述
- 1、数据准备
- 2 start with connect by prior递归查询
- 2.1 查询所有子节点
- 2.2 查询所有父节点
- 2.3 查询指定节点的根节点
- 2.4 查询下行政组织递归路径
- 3 with递归查询
- 3.1 with递归子类
- 3.2 递归父类
- 4 MySQL 递归查找树形结构
- 总结
概述
实际生活有很多树形结构的数据,比如公司分为多个部门,部门下分为多个组,组下分为多个员工;省市县的归属;页面菜单栏等等。
如果想查询某个节点的父节点或者子节点,一般通过表自身连接完成,但如果该节点的子节点还有多层结构,就需要使用递归调用。但如果数据量特别大,递归的次数指数级上升,而且查询数据库的次数也指数级上升,导致程序和数据库压力剧增,查询时间特别长。那数据库有没有递归查询语句呢?答案是肯定的。
start with connect by prior 递归查询
1、数据准备
create table area_test( id number(10) not null, parent_id number(10), name varchar2(255) not null);alter table area_test add (constraint district_pk primary key (id));insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (1, null, "中国");insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (11, 1, "河南省"); insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (12, 1, "北京市");insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (111, 11, "郑州市");insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (112, 11, "平顶山市");insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (113, 11, "洛阳市");insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (114, 11, "新乡市");insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (115, 11, "南阳市");insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (121, 12, "朝阳区");insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (122, 12, "昌平区");insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (1111, 111, "二七区");insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (1112, 111, "中原区");insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (1113, 111, "新郑市");insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (1114, 111, "经开区");insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (1115, 111, "金水区");insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (1121, 112, "湛河区");insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (1122, 112, "舞钢市");insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (1123, 112, "宝丰市");insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (11221, 1122, "尚店镇");
2 start with connect by prior递归查询
- start with 子句:遍历起始条件。如果要查父结点,这里可以用子结点的列,反之亦然。
- connect by 子句:连接条件。prior 跟父节点列parentid放在一起,就是往父结点方向遍历;prior 跟子结点列subid放在一起,则往叶子结点方向遍历。parent_id、id两列谁放在 “=” 前都无所谓,关键是prior跟谁在一起。
- order by 子句:排序。
常用的select项:
LEVEL:级别
connect_by_root:根节点
sys_connect_by_path:递归路径
2.1 查询所有子节点
select t.*,LEVELfrom area_test tstart with name ="郑州市"connect by prior id=parent_id
其实,如果单层结构,使用表自身连接也可以实现:
select * from area_test t1,area_test t2 where t1.PARENT_ID = t2.ID and t2.name="郑州市";
当查询节点下有多层数据:
select t.*,LEVELfrom area_test tstart with name ="河南省"connect by prior id=parent_id
select * from area_test t1,area_test t2 where t1.PARENT_ID = t2.ID and t2.name="河南省";
如果使用自身连接,也只能查到子一级节点的数据,需要遍历子一级节点,递归查询每个子一级节点下的子节点。明显麻烦很多!!!
2.2 查询所有父节点
select t.*,levelfrom area_test tstart with name ="郑州市"connect by prior t.parent_id=t.idorder by level asc;
2.3 查询指定节点的根节点
select d.*, connect_by_root(d.id) rootid, connect_by_root(d.name) rootnamefrom area_test dwhere name="二七区"start with d.parent_id IS NULLconnect by prior d.id=d.parent_id
select d.*, connect_by_root(d.id) rootid, connect_by_root(d.name) rootnamefrom area_test dstart with d.parent_id IS NULLconnect by prior d.id=d.parent_id
2.4 查询下行政组织递归路径
select id, parent_id, name, sys_connect_by_path(name, "->") namepath, levelfrom area_teststart with name = "平顶山市"connect by prior id = parent_id
3 with递归查询
3.1 with递归子类
with tmp(id, parent_id, name) as ( select id, parent_id, name from area_test where name = "平顶山市" union all select d.id, d.parent_id, d.name from tmp, area_test d where tmp.id = d.parent_id )select * from tmp;
3.2 递归父类
with tmp(id, parent_id, name) as ( select id, parent_id, name from area_test where name = "二七区" union all select d.id, d.parent_id, d.name from tmp, area_test d where tmp.parent_id = d.id )select * from tmp;
4 MySQL 递归查找树形结构
参考文章:MySQL 递归查找树形结构,这个方法太实用了
参考文章:Oracle递归查询
总结
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