MySQL之xtrabackup备份恢复的实现

目录

• 1、安装xtrabackup
• 2、备份
• 2.1、做一次全备
• 2.2、进入mysql添加数据
• 2.3、做一次增备
• 2.4、删除数据库（千万不要在生产库执行！！！）
• 3、恢复
• 3.1、准备阶段
• 3.2、模仿数据库丢失，停掉服务
• 3.3、恢复阶段
• 3.4、启动服务
• 4、定时备份
• 4.1、全备脚本
• 4.2、增备脚本
• 4.3、添加定时任务

mysql版本：8.0.28
xtrabackup版本：8.0.28

1、安装xtrabackup

下载地址：Download Percona XtraBackup 8.0

[root@myoracle ~]# tar -zxvf percona-xtrabackup-8.0.28-20-Linux-x86_64.glibc2.17.tar.gz[root@myoracle ~]# mv percona-xtrabackup-8.0.28-20-Linux-x86_64.glibc2.17 /usr/local/xtrabackup

2、备份

xtrabackup备份时报错：[Xtrabackup] failed to execute query ‘LOCK INSTANCE FOR BACKUP" : 1227 (42000) Access denied; you need (at least one of) the BACKUP_ADMIN privilege(s) for this operation解决方案：进入mysql赋予权限grant BACKUP_ADMIN on *.* to ‘root"@‘%";flush privileges;

2.1、做一次全备

[root@myoracle bin]# ./xtrabackup -u root -p -S /home/mysql/mysql.sock --backup --target-dir=/data/backup/full2022-11-02T09:53:02.321003+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized server arguments: --datadir=/home/mysql/data --innodb_buffer_pool_size=512M 2022-11-02T09:53:02.321193+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized client arguments: --port=3306 --socket=/home/mysql/mysql.sock --user=root --password --socket=/home/mysql/mysql.sock --backup=1 --target-dir=/data/backup/full Enter password: ......2022-11-02T09:53:09.742194+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] Transaction log of lsn (18182291) to (18182301) was copied.2022-11-02T09:53:09.962188+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] completed OK![root@myoracle bin]# ll /data/backup/total 4drwxr-x---. 5 root root 4096 Nov  2 09:53 full

2.2、进入mysql添加数据

[root@myoracle bin]# cd /home/mysql/mysql8/bin/[root@myoracle bin]# ./mysql -u root -pEnter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 13Server version: 8.0.28 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type "help;" or "\h" for help. Type "\c" to clear the current input statement.mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database   |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql      || performance_schema || sys|+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> create database dey;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.07 sec)mysql> use dey;Database changedmysql> create table tb(id int);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)mysql> insert into tb values(1),(2);Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0mysql> exitBye

2.3、做一次增备

[root@myoracle bin]# cd /usr/local/xtrabackup/bin/[root@myoracle bin]# ./xtrabackup -u root -p -S /home/mysql/mysql.sock --backup --target-dir=/data/backup/inc1 --incremental-basedir=/data/backup/full/2022-11-02T09:58:37.492129+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized server arguments: --datadir=/home/mysql/data --innodb_buffer_pool_size=512M 2022-11-02T09:58:37.492345+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized client arguments: --port=3306 --socket=/home/mysql/mysql.sock --user=root --password --socket=/home/mysql/mysql.sock --backup=1 --target-dir=/data/backup/inc1 --incremental-basedir=/data/backup/full/ Enter password: ......2022-11-02T09:58:44.745723+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] Transaction log of lsn (18201617) to (18201627) was copied.2022-11-02T09:58:44.954584+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] completed OK![root@myoracle bin]# ll /data/backup/total 8drwxr-x---. 5 root root 4096 Nov  2 09:53 fulldrwxr-x---. 6 root root 4096 Nov  2 09:58 inc1

2.4、删除数据库（千万不要在生产库执行！！！）

[root@myoracle bin]# cd -/home/mysql/mysql8/bin[root@myoracle bin]# ./mysql -u root -pEnter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 16Server version: 8.0.28 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type "help;" or "\h" for help. Type "\c" to clear the current input statement.mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database   |+--------------------+| dey|| information_schema || mysql      || performance_schema || sys|+--------------------+5 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> drop database dey;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.12 sec)mysql> exitBye

3、恢复

3.1、准备阶段

[root@myoracle bin]# ./xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/data/backup/full/2022-11-02T10:03:16.369911+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized server arguments: --innodb_checksum_algorithm=crc32 --innodb_log_checksums=1 --innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:12M:autoextend --innodb_log_files_in_group=2 --innodb_log_file_size=50331648 --innodb_page_size=16384 --innodb_undo_directory=./ --innodb_undo_tablespaces=2 --server-id=0 --innodb_log_checksums=ON --innodb_redo_log_encrypt=0 --innodb_undo_log_encrypt=0 2022-11-02T10:03:16.370082+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized client arguments: --prepare=1 --apply-log-only=1 --target-dir=/data/backup/full/ ./xtrabackup version 8.0.28-20 based on MySQL server 8.0.28 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 4cc3081873d)......2022-11-02T10:03:18.052072+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-013251] [InnoDB] Number of pools: 12022-11-02T10:03:18.054302+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] completed OK![root@myoracle bin]# ./xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/data/backup/full/ --incremental-dir=/data/backup/inc1/2022-11-02T10:04:02.786618+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized server arguments: --innodb_checksum_algorithm=crc32 --innodb_log_checksums=1 --innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:12M:autoextend --innodb_log_files_in_group=2 --innodb_log_file_size=50331648 --innodb_page_size=16384 --innodb_undo_directory=./ --innodb_undo_tablespaces=2 --server-id=0 --innodb_log_checksums=ON --innodb_redo_log_encrypt=0 --innodb_undo_log_encrypt=0 2022-11-02T10:04:02.786786+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized client arguments: --prepare=1 --apply-log-only=1 --target-dir=/data/backup/full/ --incremental-dir=/data/backup/inc1/ ./xtrabackup version 8.0.28-20 based on MySQL server 8.0.28 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 4cc3081873d)......2022-11-02T10:04:05.260675+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] Done: Copying /data/backup/inc1/binlog.index to ./binlog.index2022-11-02T10:04:05.262194+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] completed OK![root@myoracle bin]# ./xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/data/backup/full/     //最后一次执行不需要--apply-log-only2022-11-02T10:05:08.225156+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized server arguments: --innodb_checksum_algorithm=crc32 --innodb_log_checksums=1 --innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:12M:autoextend --innodb_log_files_in_group=2 --innodb_log_file_size=50331648 --innodb_page_size=16384 --innodb_undo_directory=./ --innodb_undo_tablespaces=2 --server-id=0 --innodb_log_checksums=ON --innodb_redo_log_encrypt=0 --innodb_undo_log_encrypt=0 2022-11-02T10:05:08.225323+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized client arguments: --prepare=1 --target-dir=/data/backup/full/ ./xtrabackup version 8.0.28-20 based on MySQL server 8.0.28 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 4cc3081873d)......2022-11-02T10:05:10.760137+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-012980] [InnoDB] Shutdown completed; log sequence number 182021442022-11-02T10:05:10.760601+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] completed OK!

3.2、模仿数据库丢失，停掉服务

[root@myoracle bin]# mv /home/mysql/data/ /home/mysql/data.BAK[root@myoracle bin]# service mysql stopShutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 

3.3、恢复阶段

[root@myoracle bin]# ./xtrabackup --copy-back --target-dir=/data/backup/full/2022-11-02T10:05:44.060196+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized server arguments: --datadir=/home/mysql/data --innodb_buffer_pool_size=512M 2022-11-02T10:05:44.060373+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized client arguments: --port=3306 --socket=/home/mysql/mysql.sock --copy-back=1 --target-dir=/data/backup/full/ ./xtrabackup version 8.0.28-20 based on MySQL server 8.0.28 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 4cc3081873d)2022-11-02T10:05:44.060416+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] cd to /data/backup/full/2022-11-02T10:05:44.060680+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] Original data directory /home/mysql/data is not empty![root@myoracle bin]# cp -a /data/backup/full/ /home/mysql/[root@myoracle bin]# cd /home/mysql[root@myoracle mysql]# lltotal 12drwxr-xr-x. 6 mysql mysql 4096 Nov  2 10:00 data.BAKdrwxr-x---. 7 root  root  4096 Nov  2 10:05 fulldrwxrwxr-x. 9 mysql mysql  129 Nov  1 11:25 mysql8srwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql    0 Nov  2 09:19 mysql.sock-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql    5 Nov  2 09:19 mysql.sock.lock[root@myoracle mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql full/[root@myoracle mysql]# mv full/ data[root@myoracle mysql]# lltotal 12drwxr-x---. 7 mysql mysql 4096 Nov  2 10:05 datadrwxr-xr-x. 6 mysql mysql 4096 Nov  2 10:00 data.BAKdrwxrwxr-x. 9 mysql mysql  129 Nov  1 11:25 mysql8srwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql    0 Nov  2 09:19 mysql.sock-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql    5 Nov  2 09:19 mysql.sock.lock

3.4、启动服务

[root@myoracle bin]# service mysql startStarting MySQL. SUCCESS! [root@myoracle bin]# ./mysql -u root -pEnter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 8Server version: 8.0.28 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type "help;" or "\h" for help. Type "\c" to clear the current input statement.mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database   |+--------------------+| dey|| information_schema || mysql      || performance_schema || sys|+--------------------+5 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql>数据恢复成功

4、定时备份

4.1、全备脚本

#!/bin/bashdate=`date +%F`  backupDir=/data/backup/ target_dir=/data/backup/$datextrDir=/usr/local/xtrabackup/bin/xtrabackup     mysqlDir=/home/mysql/mysql8/bin/mysql  backupLog=$backupDir/backuplogmysql_host=192.168.x.x       mysql_port=3306mysql_root=root   mysql_password=xxx   mysql_socket=/home/mysql/mysql.sock   mysql_cnf=/etc/my.cnf$xtrDir --defaults-file=$mysql_cnf --user=$mysql_user --password=$mysql_password --socket=$mysql_socket --compress --compress-threads=2 --backup --target-dir=$target_dir >>$backupLog/backup_full_success.log 2>&1    ##备份时--compress将备份出来的文件压缩成.qp结尾的文件，需要先解压--decompress，不然在prepare时报错找不到xtrabackup_logfile，或者在备份时去掉--compress和--compress-threads，我这里是去掉了。$xtrDir --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=$target_dir >>$backupLog/prepare_full_success.log 2>&1#find $backupDir -maxdepth 1 -type d -mtime +14 -exec rm -Rf {} \; >>$backupLog/deleted_record.log  2>&1  ##删除14天前的备份文件

4.2、增备脚本

#!/bin/bashdate=`date +%F`datenum=`date -d "1 days ago" +%F`cur_dateTime=$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")backupDir=/data/backuptarget_dir=/data/backup/$datextrDir=/usr/local/xtrabackup/bin/xtrabackupmysqlDir=/home/mysql/mysql8/bin/mysqlbackupLog=$backupDir/backuplogmysql_host=192.168.x.xmysql_port=3306mysql_root=rootmysql_password=xxxmysql_socket=/home/mysql/mysql.sockmysql_cnf=/etc/my.cnf$xtrDir --defaults-file=$mysql_cnf --port=$mysql_port --user=$mysql_user --password=$mysql_password --socket=$mysql_socket --compress --compress-threads=2 --backup --target-dir=$target_dir --incremental-basedir=$backupDir/$datenum >> $backupLog/backup_incr_success.log 2>&1  ##这里和全备脚本一样，需要先解压或者去掉--compress和--compress-threads$xtrDir --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=$backupDir/$datenum --incremental-dir=$target_dir >> $backupLog/prepare_incr_success.log 2>&1#find $backupDir -maxdepth 1 -type d -mtime +14 -exec rm -Rf {} \; >>$backupLog/deleted_record.log  2>&1    ##删除14天前的备份文件

4.3、添加定时任务

[root@myoracle data]# crontab -l0 10 * * 7 sh /data/mysql_full_backup.sh##周日10点做一次全备0 10 * * 1-6 sh /data/mysql_incr_backup.sh      ##周一到周六10点做一次增备

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