oracle导出数据到文本、从文本导入数据的详细步骤

经常有需求向表中导入大量的数据，使用insert不靠谱，太慢了，oracle提供了sqlldr的工具

也有时需要讲数据导入到文本，oracle的spool可以轻松实现oracle导出数据到txt、txt导入数据到oracle

一、导出数据到txt

这里用all_objects表做测试

SQL> desc all_objects;
 Name      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 OWNER     NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
 OBJECT_NAME       NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
 SUBOBJECT_NAME     VARCHAR2(30)
 OBJECT_ID NOT NULL NUMBER
 DATA_OBJECT_ID     NUMBER
 OBJECT_TYPEVARCHAR2(19)
 CREATED   NOT NULL DATE
 LAST_DDL_TIME     NOT NULL DATE
 TIMESTAMP  VARCHAR2(19)
 STATUS     VARCHAR2(7)
 TEMPORARY  VARCHAR2(1)
 GENERATED  VARCHAR2(1)
 SECONDARY  VARCHAR2(1)

拿object_id,object_name做导出、导入测试
这里需要一些设置满足数据导出的样式

vi exp_table.sql

set line 1000 --设置行的长度
set pagesize 0--输出不换页
set feedback off      --默认的当一条sql发出的时候，oracle会给一个反馈，比如说创建表的时候，如果成功命令行会返回类似：Table created的反馈,off后不显示反馈
set heading off       --不显示表头信息
set trimspool on      --如果trimspool设置为on，将移除spool文件中的尾部空
set trims on  --去掉空字符
set echo off;　　　　   --显示start启动的脚本中的每个sql命令，缺省为on
set colsep "|" --设置分隔符
set termout off--不在屏幕上显示结果
spool db1.txt  --记录数据到db1.txt
select object_id,object_name from all_objects;  --导出数据语句
spool off      --收集完毕
exit

一切就绪后导出数据

[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test @exp_table.sql 

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 16:35:14 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sed -i "s/ //g" db1.txt  --可选，去除每行开头部分的空格
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ more db1.txt 20|ICOL$
44|I_USER1
28|CON$
15|UNDO$
29|C_COBJ#
3|I_OBJ#
25|PROXY_ROLE_DATA$

导出后检查数据的记录数是否正确

[oracle@centos5 ~]$ cat db1.txt |wc -l
49988
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 16:36:21 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select count(*) from all_objects;

  COUNT(*)
----------
     49988  --数据正确

二、从txt导入数据到oracle

sqlldr是通过一个control文件设定后，从文本导入数据

建立一张测试表

SQL> create table tb_sqlldr (id number,name varchar2(50));

Table created.

建立一个control文件

vi tb_sqlldr.ctl

load data 
infile "db1.txt"    --数据来源文本
append into table tb_sqlldr    --数据导入到表tb_sqldr中，导入方式为追加，如果想覆盖
fields terminated by "|"    --4、字段终止于X"09"，是一个制表符(tab)
(id,name)    --定义对应的字段名称，注意顺序

导入数据分成四种模式，可以根据需求选择：

APPEND // 原先的表有数据 就加在后面
INSERT // 装载空表 如果原先的表有数据 sqlloader会停止 默认值
REPLACE // 原先的表有数据 原先的数据会全部删除
TRUNCATE // 指定的内容和replace的相同 会用truncate语句删除现存数据
 

执行导入操作

sqlldr userid=test/test control=tb_sqlldr.ctl

差不多5w的数据短短2s解决

执行导入后验证数据

SQL> select count(*) from tb_sqlldr;

  COUNT(*)
----------
     49988

导入成功

再执行一次导入操作，由于设置为追加

SQL> select count(*) from tb_sqlldr;

  COUNT(*)
----------
     99976

记录翻倍

sqlldr还有很多参数供选择，比如log、bad这些，查看帮助即可

[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlldr

SQL*Loader: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 17:07:26 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Usage: SQLLDR keyword=value [,keyword=value,...]

Valid Keywords:

    userid -- ORACLE username/password   
   control -- control file name  
       log -- log file name      
       bad -- bad file name      
      data -- data file name     
   discard -- discard file name  
discardmax -- number of discards to allow  (Default all)
      skip -- number of logical records to skip    (Default 0)
      load -- number of logical records to load    (Default all)
    errors -- number of errors to allow    (Default 50)
      rows -- number of rows in conventional path bind array or between direct path data saves
       (Default: Conventional path 64, Direct path all)
  bindsize -- size of conventional path bind array in bytes  (Default 256000)
    silent -- suppress messages during run (header,feedback,errors,discards,partitions)
    direct -- use direct path      (Default FALSE)
   parfile -- parameter file: name of file that contains parameter specifications
  parallel -- do parallel load     (Default FALSE)
      file -- file to allocate extents from      
skip_unusable_indexes -- disallow/allow unusable indexes or index partitions  (Default FALSE)
skip_index_maintenance -- do not maintain indexes, mark affected indexes as unusable  (Default FALSE)
commit_discontinued -- commit loaded rows when load is discontinued  (Default FALSE)
  readsize -- size of read buffer  (Default 1048576)
external_table -- use external table for load; NOT_USED, GENERATE_ONLY, EXECUTE  (Default NOT_USED)
columnarrayrows -- number of rows for direct path column array  (Default 5000)
streamsize -- size of direct path stream buffer in bytes  (Default 256000)
multithreading -- use multithreading in direct path  
 resumable -- enable or disable resumable for current session  (Default FALSE)
resumable_name -- text string to help identify resumable statement
resumable_timeout -- wait time (in seconds) for RESUMABLE  (Default 7200)
date_cache -- size (in entries) of date conversion cache  (Default 1000)

PLEASE NOTE: Command-line parameters may be specified either by
position or by keywords.  An example of the former case is "sqlldr
scott/tiger foo"; an example of the latter is "sqlldr control=foo
userid=scott/tiger".  One may specify parameters by position before
but not after parameters specified by keywords.  For example,
"sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo logfile=log" is allowed, but
"sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo log" is not, even though the
position of the parameter "log" is correct.

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