数据库手册：Oracle维护常用SQL语句

1、查看表空间的名称及大小select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_sizefrom dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files dwhere t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_namegroup by t.tablespace_name;2、查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_spacefrom dba_data_filesorder by tablespace_name;3、查看回滚段名称及大小select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status,(initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent,max_extents, v.curext CurExtentFrom dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat vWhere r.segment_id = v.usn(+)order by segment_name ;4、查看控制文件select name from v$controlfile;5、查看日志文件select member from v$logfile;6、查看表空间的使用情况select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_namefrom dba_free_spacegroup by tablespace_name;SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES '% USED',(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES '% FREE'FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE CWHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;7、查看数据库库对象select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status;8、查看数据库的版本Select version FROM ProdUCt_component_versionWhere SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle';9、查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database;10、捕捉运行很久的SQLcolumn username format a12column opname format a16column progress format a8select username,sid,opname,round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) '%' as progress,time_remaining,sql_textfrom v$session_longops , v$sqlwhere time_remaining <> 0and sql_address = addressand sql_hash_value = hash_value/11、查看数据表的参数信息SELECT partition_name, high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name,pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans, max_trans, initial_extent,next_extent, min_extent, max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS,freelist_groups, LOGGING, BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks,empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size,last_analyzedFROM dba_tab_partitions--WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :townerORDER BY partition_position 12、查看还没提交的事务select * from v$locked_object;select * from v$transaction;13、查找object为哪些进程所用selectp.spid,s.sid,s.serial# serial_num,s.username user_name,a.type object_type,s.osuser os_user_name,a.owner,a.object object_name,decode(sign(48 - command),1,to_char(command), 'Action Code #' to_char(command) ) action,p.program oracle_process,s.terminal terminal,s.program program,s.status session_statusfrom v$session s, v$Access a, v$process pwhere s.paddr = p.addr ands.type = 'USER' anda.sid = s.sid anda.object='SUBSCRIBER_ATTR'order by s.username, s.osuser14、回滚段查看select rownum, sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name, v$rollstat.extentsExtents, v$rollstat.rssize Size_in_Bytes, v$rollstat.xacts XActs,v$rollstat.gets Gets, v$rollstat.waits Waits, v$rollstat.writes Writes,sys.dba_rollback_segs.status status from v$rollstat, sys.dba_rollback_segs,v$rollname where v$rollname.name(+) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name andv$rollstat.usn (+) = v$rollname.usn order by rownum15、耗资源的进程(top session)select s.schemaname schema_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1,to_char(command), 'Action Code #' to_char(command) ) action, statussession_status, s.osuser os_user_name, s.sid, p.spid , s.serial# serial_num,nvl(s.username, '[Oracle process]') user_name, s.terminal terminal,s.program program, st.value criteria_value from v$sesstat st, v$session s , v$process pwhere st.sid = s.sid and st.statistic# = to_number('38') and ('ALL' = 'ALL'or s.status = 'ALL') and p.addr = s.paddr order by st.value desc, p.spid asc, s.username asc, s.osuser asc16、查看锁(lock)情况select /*+ RULE */ ls.osuser os_user_name, ls.username user_name,decode(ls.type, 'RW', 'Row wait enqueue lock', 'TM', 'DML enqueue lock', 'TX','Transaction enqueue lock', 'UL', 'User supplied lock') lock_type,o.object_name object, decode(ls.lmode, 1, null, 2, 'Row Share', 3,'Row Exclusive', 4, 'Share', 5, 'Share Row Exclusive', 6, 'Exclusive', null)lock_mode, o.owner, ls.sid, ls.serial# serial_num, ls.id1, ls.id2from sys.dba_objects o, ( select s.osuser, s.username, l.type,l.lmode, s.sid, s.serial#, l.id1, l.id2 from v$session s,v$lock l where s.sid = l.sid ) ls where o.object_id = ls.id1 and o.owner<> 'SYS' order by o.owner, o.object_name17、查看等待(wait)情况SELECT v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count count, SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_value FROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat WHERE v$sysstat.name IN ('db block gets','consistent gets') group by v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count18、查看sga情况SELECT NAME, BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC19、查看catched objectSELECT owner, name, db_link, namespace,type, sharable_mem, loads, executions,locks, pins, kept FROM v$db_object_cache20、查看V$SQLAREASELECT SQL_TEXT, SHARABLE_MEM, PERSISTENT_MEM, RUNTIME_MEM, SORTS,VERSION_COUNT, LOADED_VERSIONS, OPEN_VERSIONS, USERS_OPENING, EXECUTIONS,USERS_EXECUTING, LOADS, FIRST_LOAD_TIME, INVALIDATIONS, PARSE_CALLS, DISK_READS,BUFFER_GETS, ROWS_PROCESSED FROM V$SQLAREA21、查看object分类数量select decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3 , 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 ,'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) object_type , count(*) quantity fromsys.obj$ o where o.type# > 1 group by decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3, 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 , 'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) union select'COLUMN' , count(*) from sys.col$ union select 'DB LINK' , count(*) from22、按用户查看object种类select u.name schema, sum(decode(o.type#, 1, 1, NULL)) indexes,sum(decode(o.type#, 2, 1, NULL)) tables, sum(decode(o.type#, 3, 1, NULL))clusters, sum(decode(o.type#, 4, 1, NULL)) views, sum(decode(o.type#, 5, 1,NULL)) synonyms, sum(decode(o.type#, 6, 1, NULL)) sequences,sum(decode(o.type#, 1, NULL, 2, NULL, 3, NULL, 4, NULL, 5, NULL, 6, NULL, 1))others from sys.obj$ o, sys.user$ u where o.type# >= 1 and u.user# =o.owner# and u.name <> 'PUBLIC' group by u.name order bysys.link$ union select 'CONSTRAINT' , count(*) from sys.con$23、有关connection的相关信息1)查看有哪些用户连接select s.osuser os_user_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command),'Action Code #' to_char(command) ) action, p.program oracle_process,status session_status, s.terminal terminal, s.program program,s.username user_name, s.fixed_table_sequence activity_meter, '' query,0 memory, 0 max_memory, 0 cpu_usage, s.sid, s.serial# serial_numfrom v$session s, v$process p where s.paddr=p.addr and s.type = 'USER'order by s.username, s.osuser2)根据v.sid查看对应连接的资源占用等情况select n.name,v.value,n.class,n.statistic#from v$statname n,v$sesstat vwhere v.sid = 71 andv.statistic# = n.statistic#order by n.class, n.statistic#3)根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的sqlselect /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */command_type,sql_text,sharable_mem,persistent_mem,runtime_mem, sorts,version_count,loaded_versions,open_versions,users_opening,executions,users_executing,loads,first_load_time,invalidations,parse_calls,disk_reads,buffer_gets,rows_processed,sysdate start_time,sysdate finish_time,'>' address sql_address,'N' statusfrom v$sqlareawhere address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71)24、查询表空间使用情况select a.tablespace_name '表空间名称',100-round((nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/a.bytes_alloc)*100,2) '占用率(%)',round(a.bytes_alloc/1024/1024,2) '容量(M)',round(nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2) '空闲(M)',round((a.bytes_alloc-nvl(b.bytes_free,0))/1024/1024,2) '使用(M)',Largest '最大扩展段(M)',to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') '采样时间'from (select f.tablespace_name,sum(f.bytes) bytes_alloc,sum(decode(f.autoextensible,'YES',f.maxbytes,'NO',f.bytes)) maxbytesfrom dba_data_files fgroup by tablespace_name) a,(select f.tablespace_name,sum(f.bytes) bytes_freefrom dba_free_space fgroup by tablespace_name) b,(select round(max(ff.length)*16/1024,2) Largest,ts.name tablespace_namefrom sys.fet$ ff, sys.file$ tf,sys.ts$ tswhere ts.ts#=ff.ts# and ff.file#=tf.relfile# and ts.ts#=tf.ts#group by ts.name, tf.blocks) cwhere a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name25、 查询表空间的碎片程度select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_namehaving count(tablespace_name)>10;alter tablespace name coalesce;alter table name deallocate unused;create or replace view ts_blocks_v asselect tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,'free space' segment_name from dba_free_spaceunion allselect tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,s