[Oracle]Redo log日志组故障分析

数据库平台：SunOS 5.8 Generic_108528-23 sun4u sparc SUNW,Ultra-Enterprise数据库版本：8.1.5.0.0数据库症状：数据库响应缓慢，应用请求无法返回，业务操作陷于停顿，此时需要DBA介入并进行问题诊断及故障处理。 1. 登录数据库进行检查首先我们登录数据库,检查故障现象。经过检查发现，数据块的所有重做日志组除current外都处于active状态：Oracle:/oracle/oracle8>sqlplus '/ as sysdba'SQL*Plus: Release 8.1.5.0.0 - ProdUCtion on Thu Jun 23 18:56:06 2005(c) Copyright 1999 Oracle Corporation.; All rights reserved.<Connected to:Oracle8i Enterprise Edition Release 8.1.5.0.0 - ProductionWith the Partitioning and Java optionsPL/SQL Release 8.1.5.0.0 - ProductionSQL> select * from v$log; GROUP#;THREAD#; SEQUENCE#;;;BYTES;MEMBERS ARC STATUSFIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- --------- 1; 1;;52040331457280; 1 NO; ACTIVE;;;1.3861E+10 23-JUN-05 2; 1;;52040431457280; 1 NO; ACTIVE;;;1.3861E+10 23-JUN-05 3; 1;;52040531457280; 1 NO; ACTIVE;;;1.3861E+10 23-JUN-05 4; 1;;52040631457280; 1 NO; CURRENT;;1.3861E+10 23-JUN-05 5; 1;;52039831457280; 1 NO; ACTIVE;;;1.3860E+10 23-JUN-05 6; 1;;52039931457280; 1 NO; ACTIVE;;;1.3860E+10 23-JUN-05 7; 1;;520400; 104857600; 1 NO; ACTIVE;;;1.3860E+10 23-JUN-05 8; 1;;520401; 104857600; 1 NO; ACTIVE;;;1.3860E+10 23-JUN-05 9; 1;;520402; 104857600; 1 NO; ACTIVE;;;1.3861E+10 23-JUN-059 rows selected.SQL> / GROUP#;THREAD#; SEQUENCE#;;;BYTES;MEMBERS ARC STATUSFIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- --------- 1; 1;;52040331457280; 1 NO; ACTIVE;;;1.3861E+10 23-JUN-05 2; 1;;52040431457280; 1 NO; ACTIVE;;;1.3861E+10 23-JUN-05 3; 1;;52040531457280; 1 NO; ACTIVE;;;1.3861E+10 23-JUN-05 4; 1;;52040631457280; 1 NO; CURRENT;;1.3861E+10 23-JUN-05 5; 1;;52039831457280; 1 NO; ACTIVE;;;1.3860E+10 23-JUN-05 6; 1;;52039931457280; 1 NO; ACTIVE;;;1.3860E+10 23-JUN-05 7; 1;;520400; 104857600; 1 NO; ACTIVE;;;1.3860E+10 23-JUN-05 8; 1;;520401; 104857600; 1 NO; ACTIVE;;;1.3860E+10 23-JUN-05 9; 1;;520402; 104857600; 1 NO; ACTIVE;;;1.3861E+10 23-JUN-059 rows selected.我们知道，当数据库发生日志切换时（Log Switch）,Oracle会触发一个检查点（Checkpoint），检查点进程（Checkpoint Process，CKPT）会通知DBWR（Database?Writer）进程去执行写操作。在日志文件所保护的处于Buffer cache中的脏数据（dirty buffer）未写回磁盘之前，日志文件不能被覆盖或重用。假如数据库异常繁忙，或者DBWR的写出过慢，就可能出现检查点未完成，Oracle却已经用完所有日志文件的情况。在这种情况下，数据库的日志无法生成，整个数据库将处于停顿状态，此时日志文件中会记录类似如下信息：Mon Jan 23 16:11:39 2006Thread 1 cannot allocate new log, sequence 5871Checkpoint not complete Current log# 2 seq# 5870 mem# 0: +ORADG/danaly/onlinelog/group_2.260.600173851 Current log# 2 seq# 5870 mem# 1: +ORADG/danaly/onlinelog/group_2.261.600173853　检查v$session_wait视图，我们可以从中看到很多session处于log file switch (checkpoint incomplete) 的等待。2. 检查DBWR进程在本案例中，所有日志组都处于active状态，那么显然DBWR的写出存在问题。接下来让我们检查一下DBWR的繁忙程度:SQL> !oracle:/oracle/oracle8>ps -efgrep ora_ oracle; 2273 1 0 Mar 31 ?;;;;57:40 ora_smon_hysms02 oracle; 2266 1 0 Mar 31 ?;;;;811:42 ora_dbw0_hysms02 oracle; 2264 1 16 Mar 31 ?;;;;16999:57 ora_pmon_hysms02 oracle; 2268 1 0 Mar 31 ?;;;;1649:07 ora_lgwr_hysms02 oracle; 2279 1 0 Mar 31 ?;;;;;8:09 ora_snp1_hysms02 oracle; 2281 1 0 Mar 31 ?;;;;;4:22 ora_snp2_hysms02 oracle; 2285 1 0 Mar 31 ?;;;;;9:40 ora_snp4_hysms02 oracle; 2271 1 0 Mar 31 ?;;;;15:57 ora_ckpt_hysms02 oracle; 2283 1 0 Mar 31 ?;;;;;5:37 ora_snp3_hysms02 oracle; 2277 1 0 Mar 31 ?;;;;;5:58 ora_snp0_hysms02 oracle; 2289 1 0 Mar 31 ?;;;;;0:00 ora_d000_hysms02 oracle; 2287 1 0 Mar 31 ?;;;;;0:00 ora_s000_hysms02 oracle; 2275 1 0 Mar 31 ?;;;;;0:04 ora_reco_hysms02 oracle 21023 21012 0 18:52:59 pts/65 0:00 grep ora_DBWR的进程号是2266。使用Top命令观察一下该进程的CPU耗用:oracle:/oracle/oracle8>toplast pid: 21145load averages:; 3.38,; 3.45,; 3.67;;;;18:53:38725 processes: 711 sleeping, 1 running, 10 zombie, 3 on cpuCPU states: 35.2% idle, 40.1% user,; 9.4% kernel, 15.4% iowait,; 0.0% swapMemory: 3072M real, 286M free, 3120M swap in use, 1146M swap free PID USERNAME THR PRI NICE; SIZERES STATE;TIME;CPU COMMAND11855 smspf;;;1; 59;0 1355M 1321M cpu/019:32 16.52% oracle 2264 oracle;;10;0 1358M 1316M run;283.3H 16.36% oracle11280 oracle;;1; 13;0 1356M 1321M sleep79.8H; 0.77% oracle 6957 smspf;;15; 291063M14M sleep; 107.7H; 0.76% java17393 smspf;;;1; 30;0 1356M 1322M cpu/1; 833:05; 0.58% oracle29299 smspf;;;5; 58;0 8688K 5088K sleep18.5H; 0.38% fee_FTP_get21043 oracle;;1; 43;0 3264K 2056K cpu/9;0:01; 0.31% top20919 smspf;;17; 291063M17M sleep; 247:02; 0.29% java25124 smspf;;;1; 58;016M 4688K sleep;0:35; 0.25% smif_status_rec 8086 smspf;;;5; 23;021M13M sleep41.1H; 0.24% fee_file_in16009 root;;;;1; 35;0 4920K 3160K sleep;0:03; 0.21% sshd225126 smspf;;;1; 58;0 1355M 1321M sleep;0:26; 0.20% oracle 2266 oracle;;1; 60;0 1357M 1317M sleep; 811:42; 0.18% oracle11628 smspf;;;7; 59;0 3440K 2088K sleep;0:39; 0.16% sgip_client_ltz26257 smspf;;82; 59;0; 447M; 178M sleep; 533:04; 0.15% java我们注重到，2266号进程消耗的CPU不过0.18%,显然并不繁忙,DBWR并不繁忙，但是检查点无法完成，那么我们可以判定，瓶颈就很可能出现在IO上。3. 检查IO状况 我们可以使用IOSTAT工具检查系统IO状况：gqgai:/home/gqgai>iostat -xn 3 extended device statistics r/s;w/skr/skw/s wait actv wsvc_t asvc_t; %w; %b device...... 0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0; 0.0; 0.0;0.0;0.000 c0t6d0 1.838.432.4; 281.0; 0.0; 0.7;0.016.40; 29 c0t10d0 1.838.432.4; 281.0; 0.0; 0.5;0.013.50; 27 c0t11d0 24.861.3 1432.4; 880.1; 0.0; 0.5;0.0;5.40; 26 c1t1d0 0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0; 0.0; 0.0;0.0;9.100 hurraysms02:vold(pid238) extended device statistics r/s;w/skr/skw/s wait actv wsvc_t asvc_t; %w; %b device........ 0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0; 0.0; 0.0;0.0;0.000 c0t6d0 0.3;8.3;0.347.0; 0.0; 0.1;0.0;9.208 c0t10d0 0.0;8.3;0.047.0; 0.0; 0.1;0.0;8.007 c0t11d0 11.765.3; 197.2; 522.2; 0.0; 1.6;0.020.50 100 c1t1d0 0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0; 0.0; 0.0;0.0;0.000 hurraysms02:vold(pid238) extended device statistics r/s;w/skr/skw/s wait actv wsvc_t asvc_t; %w; %b device........ 0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0; 0.0; 0.0;0.0;0.000 c0t6d0 0.313.7;2.768.2; 0.0; 0.2;0.010.90; 12 c0t10d0 0.013.7;0.068.2; 0.0; 0.1;0.0;9.60; 11 c0t11d0 11.365.390.7; 522.7; 0.0; 1.5;0.019.50; 99 c1t1d0 0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0; 0.0; 0.0;0.0;0.000 hurraysms02:vold(pid238) extended device statistics r/s;w/skr/skw/s wait actv wsvc_t asvc_t; %w; %b device........ 0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0; 0.0; 0.0;0.0;0.000 c0t6d0 0.0;8.0;0.042.7; 0.0; 0.1;0.0;9.307 c0t10d0 0.0;8.0;0.042.7; 0.0; 0.1;0.0;9.107 c0t11d0 11.065.7; 978.7; 525.3; 0.0; 1.4;0.017.70; 99 c1t1d0 0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0; 0.0; 0.0;0.0;0.000 hurraysms02:vold(pid238) extended device statistics r/s;w/skr/skw/s wait actv wsvc_t asvc_t; %w; %b device........ 0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0; 0.0; 0.0;0.0;0.000 c0t6d0 0.387.7;2.7; 433.7; 0.0; 2.2;0.024.90; 90 c0t10d0 0.088.3;0.0; 436.5; 0.0; 1.8;0.019.90; 81 c0t11d0 89.054.0; 725.4; 432.0; 0.0; 2.1;0.014.80 100 c1t1d0 0.0;0.0;0.0;0.0; 0.0; 0.0;0.0;0.000 hurraysms02:vold(pid238)在以上输出中，我们注重到，存放数据库的主要卷c1t1d0的繁忙程度始终处于99~100,而写速度却只有500K/s左右，这个速度是极为缓慢的。根据IOSTAT的手册:(%b percent of time the disk is busy (transactions in progress)Kw/s kilobytes written per second)根据我们的常识，T3盘阵通常按Char写速度可以达到10M/s左右，以前测试过一些Tpcc指标，可以参考：www.eygle.com/unix/Use.Bonnie.To.Test.IO.speed.htm。而正常情况下的数据库随机写通常都在1~2M左右，显然此时的磁盘已经处于不正常状态，经过确认的确是硬盘发生了损坏，Raid5的Group中损坏了一块硬盘。经过更换以后系统逐渐恢复正常。