您的位置:首页技术文章
文章详情页

如何监控Oracle索引的使用完全解析

【字号: 日期:2023-11-22 14:53:02浏览:54作者:猪猪
研究发现,Oracle数据库使用的索引不会超过总数的25%,或者不易他们期望被使用的方式使用。通过 监控数据库索引的使用,释放那些未被使用的索引,从而节省维护索引的开销,优化性能。 1、在oracle8i中,确定使用了那个索引的方法意味着要对存在语共享SQL区中的所有语句运行EXPLIAN PALN,然后查询计划表中的OPERATION列,从而识别有OBJECT_OWNER和OBJECT_NAME列所确定的那个索引上的索引访问。 下面是一个监控索引使用的脚本,这个脚本仅仅是一个样品,在某种条件下成立: 条件: 运行这个脚本的用户拥有权限解释所有的v$sqlarea中的sql,除了不是被SYS装载的。plan_table.remarks能够别用来决定与特权习惯的错误。对所有的共享池中SQL,参数OPTIMIZER_GOAL是一个常量,无视v$sqlarea.optimizer_mode。两次快照之间,统计资料被再次分析过。没有语句别截断。所有的对象都是局部的。所有被引用的表或视图或者是被运行脚本的用户所拥有,或者完全有资格的名字或同义词被使用。自从上次快照以来,没有不受'欢迎'的语句被冲洗出共享池(例如,在装载)。对于所有的语句,v$sqlarea.version_count = 1 (children)。 脚本: Code: [Copy to clipboard]set echo offRem Drop and recreate PLAN_TABLE for EXPLAIN PLANdrop table plan_table;create table PLAN_TABLE (statement_id varchar2(30),timestampdate,remarks varchar2(80),operationvarchar2(30),options  varchar2(255),object_node varchar2(128),object_owner varchar2(30),object_name varchar2(30),object_instancenumeric,object_type varchar2(30),optimizer  varchar2(255),search_columns number,idnumeric,parent_idnumeric,positionnumeric,costnumeric,cardinalitynumeric,bytesnumeric,other_tagvarchar2(255),partition_start varchar2(255),partition_stop varchar2(255),partition_idnumeric,otherlong,distributionvarchar2(30),cpu_costnumeric,io_costnumeric,temp_spacenumeric,Access_predicates  varchar2(4000),filter_predicates  varchar2(4000));Rem Drop and recreate SQLTEMP for taking a snapshot of the SQLAREAdrop table sqltemp;create table sqltemp  (ADDR VARCHAR2 (16),SQL_TEXT VARCHAR2 (2000),DISK_READSNUMBER,EXECUTIONSNUMBER,PARSE_CALLS NUMBER);set echo onRem Create procedure to populate the plan_table by executingRem explain plan...for 'sqltext' dynamicallycreate or replace procedure do_explain (addr IN varchar2, sqltext IN varchar2)as dummy varchar2 (1100);mycursor integer;ret integer;my_sqlerrm varchar2 (85);begin dummy:='EXPLAIN PLAN SET STATEMENT_ID=' ;dummy:=dummy''''addr'''' ' FOR 'sqltext;mycursor := dbms_sql.open_cursor;dbms_sql.parse(mycursor,dummy,dbms_sql.v7);ret := dbms_sql.execute(mycursor);dbms_sql.close_cursor(mycursor);commit;exception -- Insert errors into PLAN_TABLE...when others then my_sqlerrm := substr(sqlerrm,1,80);insert into plan_table(statement_id, remarks) values (addr,my_sqlerrm);-- close cursor if exception raised on EXPLAIN PLANdbms_sql.close_cursor(mycursor);end;/Rem Start EXPLAINing all S/I/U/D statements in the shared pooldeclare-- exclude statements with v$sqlarea.parsing_schema_id = 0 (SYS)cursor c1 is select address, sql_text, DISK_READS, EXECUTIONS, PARSE_CALLSfrom v$sqlareawhere command_type in (2,3,6,7)and parsing_schema_id != 0;cursor c2 is select addr, sql_text from sqltemp;addr2 varchar(16);sqltextv$sqlarea.sql_text%type;dreads v$sqlarea.disk_reads%type;execs v$sqlarea.executions%type;pcalls v$sqlarea.parse_calls%type;begin open c1;fetch c1 into addr2,sqltext, dreads,execs,pcalls;while (c1%found) loopinsert into sqltemp values (addr2,sqltext,dreads,execs,pcalls);commit;fetch c1 into addr2, sqltext,dreads,execs,pcalls;endloop;close c1;open c2;fetch c2 into addr2, sqltext;while (c2%found) loopdo_explain(addr2,sqltext);fetch c2 into addr2, sqltext;end  loop;close c2;end;/Rem Generate a report of index usage based on the number of timesRem a SQL statement using that index was executedselect p.owner, p.name, sum(s.executions) totexecfrom sqltemp s,(select distinct statement_id stid, object_owner owner, object_name namefrom plan_table where operation = 'INDEX') pwhere s.addr = p.stidgroup by p.owner, p.nameorder by 2 desc;Rem Perform cleanup on exit (optional)delete from plan_tablewhere statement_id in( select addr from sqltemp );drop table sqltemp;关于这个脚本,有几个重要的地方需要注重,即它可能一起明显的开销,因此,应该在仔细地进行 权衡后才把它应用到繁忙的生产应用系统中区。 2、oracle9i中如何确定索引的使用情况: 在oracle9i中,情况会简单得多,因为有一个新得字典视图V$SQL_PLAN存储了实际计划,这些计划用于执行共享SQL区中得语句。V$SQL_PLAN视图很类似与计划表,但V$SQL_PLAN使用ADDRESS和HASH_VALUE列 来识别语句, 而计划表使用用户提供得STATEMENT_ID来识别语句。下面的SQL显示了在一个oracle9i数据库中,由出现在共享SQL区中语句使用的所有索引。 select object_owner, object_name, options, count(*)from  v$sql_planwhere operation='INDEX'andobject_owner!='SYS'group by object_owner, object_name, operation, optionsorder by count(*) desc;所有基于共享SQL区中的信心来识别索引使用情况的方法, 都可能会收集到不完整的信息。共享SQL区是一 个动态结构,除非能对它进行足够频繁的采样, 否则在有关索引使用的情况的信息被收集之前,SQL语句可 能就已经(因为老化)被移出缓存了。oracle9i提供了解决这个问题的方案,即它为alter index提供了一个monitoring usage子句。当启用monitoring usage 时,oralce记录简单的yes或no值,以指出在监控间隔 期间某个索引是否被使用。 为了演示这个新特性,你可以使用下面的例子: (a) Create and populate a small test table (b) Create Primary Key index on that table (c) Query v$object_usage: the monitoring has not started yet (d) Start monitoring of the index usage (e) Query v$object_usage to see the monitoring in progress (f) Issue the SELECT statement which uses the index (g) Query v$object_usage again to see that the index has been used (h) Stop monitoring of the index usage (i) Query v$object_usage to see that the monitoring sDetailed steps (a) Create and populate a small test tablecreate table prodUCts(prod_id number(3),prod_name_code varchar2(5));insert into products values(1,'aaaaa');insert into products values(2,'bbbbb');insert into products values(3,'ccccc');insert into products values(4,'ddddd');commit;(b) Create Primary Key index on that tablealter table productsadd (constraint products_pk primary key (prod_id));(c) Query v$object_usage: the monitoring has not started yetcolumn
标签: Oracle 数据库