详解apache编译安装httpd-2.4.54及三种风格的init程序特点和区别

目录

• 源码包编译实例
• 下载编译工具,httpd以及其两个依赖包的源码包
• 安装apr
• 安装apr-util
• 安装httpd
• 源码编译报错信息处理
• init程序的三种风格
• init程序三种风格的特点

源码包编译实例

下面通过编译安装httpd来深入理解源码包安装(httpd-2.4.54)

下载编译工具,httpd以及其两个依赖包的源码包

//源码包建议到官方网站下载

[root@lnh ~]# mkdir xbz[root@lnh ~]# cd xbz/[root@lnh xbz]# dnf -y install gcc gcc-c++ make wget[root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz[root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz[root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz[root@lnh xbz]# lsapr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz

安装apr

[root@lnh xbz]# lsapr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz[root@lnh xbz]# tar -xf apr-1.7.0.tar.gz [root@lnh xbz]# ls apr-1.7.0  apr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz//将apr解压到当前目录[root@lnh xbz]# cd apr-1.7.0/[root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# lsapr-config.in  build-outputs.mk  helpers       misc   stringsapr.depCHANGES   include       mmap   supportapr.dspCMakeLists.txt    libapr.dep    network_io     tablesapr.dswconfig.layout     libapr.dsp    NOTICE testapr.makconfigure libapr.mak    NWGNUmakefile  threadprocapr.pc.in      configure.in      libapr.rc     passwd timeapr.spec       docs      LICENSE       poll   toolsatomic dso       locks random userbuild  emacs-modeMakefile.in   READMEbuild.conf     encoding  Makefile.win  README.cmakebuildconf      file_io   memoryshmem//进入这个源码包可以看见里面被解压出来的东西[root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/src/apr...configure: creating ./config.statusconfig.status: creating Makefileconfig.status: creating include/apr.hconfig.status: creating build/apr_rules.mkconfig.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfoconfig.status: creating apr-1-configconfig.status: creating apr.pcconfig.status: creating test/Makefileconfig.status: creating test/internal/Makefileconfig.status: creating include/arch/unix/apr_private.hconfig.status: executing libtool commandsrm: cannot remove "libtoolT": No such file or directoryconfig.status: executing default commands//生成Makefile一般常用的有 --prefix=PREFIX 这个选项的意思是定义软件包安装到哪里建议，源码包都是安装在/opt/目录下或者/usr/local/src目录下面[root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# make...gcc -E -DHAVE_CONFIG_H  -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE   -I./include -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include/arch/unix -I./include/arch/unix -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include/arch/unix -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include/private -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include/private  export_vars.c | sed -e "s/^\#[^!]*//" | sed -e "/^$/d" >> apr.expsed "s,^\(location=\).*$,\1installed," < apr-1-config > apr-config.outsed -e "s,^\(apr_build.*=\).*$,\1/usr/local/src/apr/build-1," -e "s,^\(top_build.*=\).*$,\1/usr/local/src/apr/build-1," < build/apr_rules.mk > build/apr_rules.outmake[1]: Leaving directory "/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0"//编译生成Makefile，此处虽然出现了make[1]: Leaving directory "/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0"，但是没关系可以继续进行下一步安装[root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# make install.../usr/bin/install -c -m 755 /root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/build/mkdir.sh /usr/local/src/apr/build-1for f in make_exports.awk make_var_export.awk; do \    /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 /root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/build/${f} /usr/local/src/apr/build-1; \done/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 build/apr_rules.out /usr/local/src/apr/build-1/apr_rules.mk/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 apr-config.out /usr/local/src/apr/bin/apr-1-config//进行安装[root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# cd /usr/local/src/apr/[root@lnh apr]# lsbin  build-1  include  lib//进入apr的路径进行查看，默认情况下，系统搜索库文件的路径只有/lib，/usr/lib，我们需要进行修改在/etc/ld.so.conf.d/中创建以.conf为后缀名的文件，而后把要增添的路径直接写至此文件中。此时库文件增添的搜索路径重启后有效，若要使用增添的路径立即生效则要使用ldconfig命令[root@lnh apr]# cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/[root@lnh ld.so.conf.d]# echo /usr/local/src/apr/lib/ >apr.conf[root@lnh ld.so.conf.d]# cd -/usr/local/src/apr//切换到前一个工作目录[root@lnh apr]# ldconfig //使命令生效[root@lnh apr]# ln -s /usr/local/src/apr/include/ /usr/include/apr[root@lnh apr]# ll /usr/include/apr/total 4drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 12 20:18 apr-1lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root   27 Jul 12 20:44 include -> /usr/local/src/apr/include/将头文件软链接到/usr/include目录下

折叠

安装apr-util

[root@lnh xbz]# dnf -y install expat-devel libxml2-devel pcre-devel//需要先安装这个依赖[root@lnh xbz]# lsapr-1.7.0  apr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz[root@lnh xbz]# tar -xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz [root@lnh xbz]# lsapr-1.7.0 apr-util-1.6.1 httpd-2.4.54.tar.gzapr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz//解压到当前目录[root@lnh xbz]# cd apr-util-1.6.1/[root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# lsaprutil.dep       CHANGES    include NWGNUmakefileaprutil.dsp       CMakeLists.txt     ldap    READMEaprutil.dsw       config.layout      libaprutil.dep  README.cmakeaprutil.mak       configure  libaprutil.dsp  README.FREETDSapr-util.pc.in    configure.in       libaprutil.mak  redisapr-util.spec     crypto     libaprutil.rc   renames_pendingapu-config.in     dbdLICENSE strmatchbuckets   dbmMakefile.in     testbuild     docs       Makefile.win    uribuild.confencoding   memcachexlatebuildconf export_vars.sh.in  misc    xmlbuild-outputs.mk  hooks      NOTICE//进入源码包查看被解压出来的东西[root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/src/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/src/apr...configure: creating ./config.statusconfig.status: creating Makefileconfig.status: creating export_vars.shconfig.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfoconfig.status: creating apr-util.pcconfig.status: creating apu-1-configconfig.status: creating include/private/apu_select_dbm.hconfig.status: creating include/apr_ldap.hconfig.status: creating include/apu.hconfig.status: creating include/apu_want.hconfig.status: creating test/Makefileconfig.status: creating include/private/apu_config.hconfig.status: executing default commands//生成Makefile文件，需要伴随着上一个指定的依赖[root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# make...gcc -E -DHAVE_CONFIG_H  -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE   -I/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1/include -I/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1/include/private  -I/usr/local/src/apr/include/apr-1    exports.c | grep "ap_hack_" | sed -e "s/^.*[)]\(.*\);$/\1/" >> aprutil.expgcc -E -DHAVE_CONFIG_H  -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE   -I/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1/include -I/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1/include/private  -I/usr/local/src/apr/include/apr-1    export_vars.c | sed -e "s/^\#[^!]*//" | sed -e "/^$/d" >> aprutil.expsed "s,^\(location=\).*$,\1installed," < apu-1-config > apu-config.outmake[1]: Leaving directory "/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1"//编译生成的Makefile文件，出现make[1]: Leaving directory "/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1"这个没有关系可以继续进行下一步安装[root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# make install...See any operating system documentation about shared libraries formore information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.----------------------------------------------------------------------/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 aprutil.exp /usr/local/src/apr-util/lib/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 apu-config.out /usr/local/src/apr-util/bin/apu-1-config//进行安装[root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# cd /usr/local/src/apr-util/[root@lnh apr-util]# lsbin  include  lib//切换到apr-util安装目录进行查看，默认情况下，系统搜索库文件的路径只有/lib，/usr/lib，我们需要进行修改在/etc/ld.so.conf.d/中创建以.conf为后缀名的文件，而后把要增添的路径直接写至此文件中。此时库文件增添的搜索路径重启后有效，若要使用增添的路径立即生效则要使用ldconfig命令[root@lnh apr-util]# cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/[root@lnh ld.so.conf.d]# echo /usr/local/src/apr-util/ >apr-util.conf [root@lnh ld.so.conf.d]# cd -/usr/local/src/apr-util//切换到上一个工作目录[root@lnh apr-util]# ln -s /usr/local/src/apr-util/include/ /usr/include/apr-util//将头文件软链接到/usr/include目录下

折叠

安装httpd

[root@lnh xbz]# tar -xf httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz [root@lnh xbz]# lsapr-1.7.0 apr-util-1.6.1 httpd-2.4.54apr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz//解压到当前目录[root@lnh xbz]# cd httpd-2.4.54/[root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# lsABOUT_APACHE     CMakeLists.txt  InstallBin.dsp  READMEacinclude.m4     config.layout   LAYOUT  README.CHANGESApache-apr2.dsw  configure       libhttpd.dep    README.cmakeApache.dsw       configure.in    libhttpd.dsp    README.platformsapache_probes.d  docs    libhttpd.mak    ROADMAPap.d     emacs-style     LICENSE serverbuild    httpd.dep       Makefile.in     srclibBuildAll.dsp     httpd.dsp       Makefile.win    supportBuildBin.dsp     httpd.mak       modules testbuildconfhttpd.spec      NOTICE  VERSIONINGCHANGES  include NWGNUmakefilechanges-entries  INSTALL os//查看被解压出来的东西[root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/src/httpd --with-apr=/usr/local/src/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/src/apr-util...config.status: creating build/config_vars.shconfig.status: creating include/ap_config_auto.hconfig.status: executing default commandsconfigure: summary of build options:    Server Version: 2.4.54    Install prefix: /usr/local/src/httpd    C compiler:     gcc    CFLAGS:  -g -O2 -pthread      CPPFLAGS:-DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE      LDFLAGS:       LIBS:         C preprocessor: gcc -E//生成Makefile文件[root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# make.../usr/local/src/apr/build-1/libtool --silent --mode=link gcc  -g -O2 -pthread   -o mod_rewrite.la -rpath /usr/local/src/httpd/modules -module -avoid-version  mod_rewrite.lo make[4]: Leaving directory "/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/modules/mappers"make[3]: Leaving directory "/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/modules/mappers"make[2]: Leaving directory "/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/modules"make[2]: Entering directory "/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/support"make[2]: Leaving directory "/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/support"make[1]: Leaving directory "/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54"//编译生成Makefile文件，出现的一些没有读取到的问题没有关系，继续进行下一步[root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# make install...Installing man pages and online manualmkdir /usr/local/src/httpd/manmkdir /usr/local/src/httpd/man/man1mkdir /usr/local/src/httpd/man/man8mkdir /usr/local/src/httpd/manualmake[1]: Leaving directory "/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54"//进行安装[root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# cd /usr/local/src/httpd/[root@lnh httpd]# lsbin    cgi-bin  error   icons    logs  manualbuild  conf     htdocs  include  man   modules//切换到httpd的安装目录进行查看，默认情况下，系统搜索库文件的路径只有/lib，/usr/lib[root@lnh httpd]# ln -s /usr/local/src/httpd/include/ /usr/include/httpd[root@lnh httpd]# ll  /usr/include/httpdlrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 29 Jul 12 21:23 /usr/include/httpd -> /usr/local/src/httpd/include///将头文件软链接到/usr/include目录下[root@lnh httpd]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/src/httpd/bin" > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh[root@lnh httpd]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh //配置httpd的全局环境变量，并生成效果[root@lnh httpd]# which httpd /usr/local/src/httpd/bin/httpd[root@lnh httpd]# vim /etc/man_db.confMANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/manMANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/share/manMANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/share/manMANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/src/httpd/man//添加后面这一行[root@lnh ~]# httpdAH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server"s fully qualified domain name, using fe80::20c:29ff:fe57:f6f5%ens33. Set the "ServerName" directive globally to suppress this messagehttpd (pid 35719) already running//启动服务[root@lnh ~]# ss -antlState   Recv-Q  Send-Q   Local Address:Port     Peer Address:Port  Process  LISTEN  0       128    0.0.0.0:22    0.0.0.0:*      LISTEN  0       128  *:80  *:*      LISTEN  0       128       [::]:22       [::]:*//查看端口      [root@lnh ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service//关闭防火墙

折叠

服务80端口

源码编译报错信息处理

checking for APR... noconfigure: error: APR not found.  Please read the documentation.//解决方案[root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz[root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz提前把这两个依赖包安装好才可以进行生成Makefile文件无法进行生成两个依赖包的Makefile文件//解决方案[root@lnh xbz]# dnf -y install gcc gcc-c++ make wget提前下载编译工具

init程序的三种风格

• SysV⻛格：init（centos5），实现系统初始化时，随后的初始化操作都是借助于脚本来实现的，(/etc/inittab)
• Upstart风格：init（centos6），由ubuntu研发的，通过总线形式以接近于并行的方式工作，效率比SysV高，配置文件(/etc/inittab，/etc/init/*.conf)
• Systemd风格：systemd（centos7），启动速度快，系统引导时实现服务并行启动，比前两者的效率都高，配置文件(/usr/lib/systemd/system，/etc/systemd/system)

init程序三种风格的特点

SysV⻛格特点：

• 脚本中含有大量的命令，每个命令都要启动一个进程，命令执行完以后就要终止这个进程。如此一来，系统初始化时将大量的创建进程，销毁进程，工作效率会非常低
• 服务间可能会存在依赖关系，必须严格按照一定的顺序来启动服务，前一个服务没启动完后面的服务就无法执行启动过程。不能并行进行

Upstart风格特点:

• 基于总线方式能够让进程间互相通信的一个应用程序
• 不用等服务启动完成，只要一初始化就可以把自己的状态返回给其他进程

Systemd风格特点:

• 启动速度比SysV和Upstart都快
• 不需要通过任何脚本来启动服务，systemd自身就可以启动服务，其本身就是一个强大的解释器，启动服务时不需要sh/bash的参与
• systemd不真正在系统初始化时去启动任何一个服务只要服务没用到，它告诉你启动了，实际上并没有启动。仅当第一次去访问时才会真正启动服务

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