Java Poi 在Excel中输出特殊符号的实现方法

最近的工作围绕报表导出，并没有集成相应的报表插件，只是使用了Poi。其中有一个需求，Excel中导出特殊符号，如√、×等。在网上找寻了许久，没有相关资料，故记录分享一下。

思考良久，走了不少弯路，最后受 System.out.println() 启发，实现方式真的超级简单。每一个特殊符号，都对应一个Unicode编码，我们只需要将特定的符号，转变成Unicode编码，进行输出即可。

相应的代码输出：

cell.setCellValue('u221A');

另附自己编写的Excel工具类，支持单表、主子表(可定制主表在前还是在后)、图片、特殊符号等。

<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId> <artifactId>poi</artifactId> <version>4.1.2</version></dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId> <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId> <version>4.1.2</version></dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId> <artifactId>poi-ooxml-schemas</artifactId> <version>4.1.2</version></dependency>

package com.king.tools.util;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;/** * @author ππ * @date 2020-6-22 17:03 * 导出的Excel中，百分比 */public class ExcelPercentField { public final static Map<String,String> percentFiledMap = new HashMap<>(); static { // 根据实际情况进行设置 percentFiledMap.put('a','a'); percentFiledMap.put('b','b'); percentFiledMap.put('c','c'); }}

package com.king.tools.util;import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.*;import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor;import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddress;import org.apache.poi.ss.util.RegionUtil;import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import java.io.FileNotFoundException;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.OutputStream;import java.lang.reflect.Method;import java.util.*;/** * @author ππ * @date 2020-6-10 14:45 * excel 导出通用类 * 采用反射生成 * 目前仅支持导出slx，暂不支持导出xlsx格式 */public class ExcelExport<T> { Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ExcelExport.class); private HSSFWorkbook workbook; private HSSFSheet sheet; private int rowNum; private HSSFPatriarch patriarch ; private String fileName; private int version; public ExcelExport(){} public ExcelExport(String fileName, int version) { this.fileName = fileName; this.version = version; } /** * 导出Excel到指定位置 * @param fields 字段集合 主表key为entity,子表key为children * @param dataset 数据集合 注意：如果为主子表，主表中，子表集合对应的属性名必须为children,反射使用的children进行映射，可修改 * @param path 文件路径 */ public void exportExcel(String title, Map<String,List<String>> fields, Collection<T> dataset, String path,boolean childBefore){ createExcelHSSF(title,fields,null,dataset,DateUtils.YYYY_MM_DD,path,childBefore); } /** * 导出Excel到指定位置 * @param fields 字段集合 主表key为entity,子表key为children * @param header 表头数组 * @param dataset 数据集合 注意：如果为主子表，主表中，子表集合对应的属性名必须为children,反射使用的children进行映射，可修改 * @param path 文件路径 * @param childBefore 子表在前 默认false */ public void exportExcel(String title,Map<String,List<String>> fields,String[] header,Collection<T> dataset,String path,boolean childBefore){ createExcelHSSF(title,fields,header,dataset,DateUtils.YYYY_MM_DD,path,childBefore); } /** * 导出Excel到指定位置 * @param fields 字段集合 主表key为entity,子表key为children * @param header 表头数组 * @param dataset 数据集合 注意：如果为主子表，主表中，子表集合对应的属性名必须为children,反射使用的children进行映射，可修改 * @param pattern 日期格式 * @param path 文件路径 * @param childBefore 子表在前 */ public void exportExcel(String title,Map<String,List<String>> fields,String[] header,Collection<T> dataset,String pattern,String path,boolean childBefore){ createExcelHSSF(title,fields,header,dataset,pattern,path,childBefore); } /** * 导出文件到本地 * @param fields 字段集合 主表key为entity,子表key为children * @param dataset 数据集合 注意：如果为主子表，主表中，子表集合对应的属性名必须为children,反射使用的children进行映射，可修改 * @param response http */ public void exportExcel(String title,Map<String,List<String>> fields, Collection<T> dataset, HttpServletResponse response){ createExcelHSSF(title,fields,null,dataset,DateUtils.YYYY_MM_DD,response); } /** * 导出文件到本地 * @param fields 字段集合 主表key为entity,子表key为children * @param header 表头数组 * @param dataset 数据集合 注意：如果为主子表，主表中，子表集合对应的属性名必须为children,反射使用的children进行映射，可修改 * @param response http */ public void exportExcel(String title, Map<String,List<String>> fields, String[] header, Collection<T> dataset, HttpServletResponse response){ createExcelHSSF(title,fields,header,dataset,DateUtils.YYYY_MM_DD,response); } /** * 导出文件到本地 * @param fields 字段集合 主表key为entity,子表key为children * @param header 表头数组 * @param dataset 数据集合 注意：如果为主子表，主表中，子表集合对应的属性名必须为children,反射使用的children进行映射，可修改 * @param pattern 日期格式 * @param response http */ public void exportExcel(String title, Map<String,List<String>> fields, String[] header, Collection<T> dataset, String pattern, HttpServletResponse response){ createExcelHSSF(title,fields,header,dataset,pattern,response); } /** * 页面下载excel * @param title * @param fields * @param header * @param dataset * @param pattern * @param response */ private void createExcelHSSF(String title, Map<String,List<String>> fields, String[] header, Collection<T> dataset, String pattern, HttpServletResponse response){ response.reset(); // 清除buffer缓存 // 指定下载的文件名 response.setHeader('Content-Disposition', 'attachment;filename=contacts' +(StringUtils.isBlank(fileName)? DateUtils.dateTimeNow() : fileName) + '.xls'); response.setContentType('application/vnd.ms-excel;charset=UTF-8'); response.setHeader('Pragma', 'no-cache'); response.setHeader('Cache-Control', 'no-cache'); response.setDateHeader('Expires', 0); createExcel2003(title,fields,header,dataset,pattern, false); httpExcelHSSF(workbook,response); } /** * 输出到指定路径 * @param title * @param fields * @param header * @param dataset * @param pattern * @param path * @param childBefore */ private void createExcelHSSF(String title,Map<String,List<String>> fields,String[] header,Collection<T> dataset,String pattern,String path,boolean childBefore){ createExcel2003(title,fields,header,dataset,pattern,childBefore); ioExcelHSSF(workbook,path); } /** * 公共方法，创建excel 2003版 * @param title * @param fields * @param header * @param dataset * @param pattern * @param childBefore */ private void createExcel2003(String title, Map<String, List<String>> fields, String[] header, Collection<T> dataset, String pattern, boolean childBefore){ // 初始化构建 initWorkBook(); // 生成样式 HSSFCellStyle titleStyle = getTitleStyle(workbook); HSSFCellStyle headerStyle = getHeaderStyle(workbook); HSSFCellStyle normalStyle = getNormalStyle(workbook); HSSFCellStyle footerStyle = getFooterStyle(workbook); HSSFCellStyle percentStyle = createPercentStyle(workbook); // 创建表头 createTableTitle(title,header.length-1,titleStyle); // 生成标题行 createTableHead(header,headerStyle); // 迭代集合 Iterator it = dataset.iterator(); // 获取主表属性字段 List<String> entityFields = fields.get('entity'); // 获取子表属性字段 List<String> childFields = fields.get('children'); // 主表字段长度 int entityColumnLength = entityFields.size(); int childColumnLength = 0; if(childFields !=null){ childColumnLength = childFields.size(); } // 合并行 int rowspan = 0; // 每个对象的子表数据 Object children = null; HSSFRow row; HSSFCell cell; while (it.hasNext()){ rowNum ++; T t = (T) it.next(); row = sheet.createRow(rowNum); // 确定合并行数 if(childFields !=null && childFields.size() > 0){children = getValue(t,'children');if(children !=null && ((ArrayList)children).size()>0){ rowspan = ((ArrayList)children).size()-1;} } // 主表字段 for(int i = 0; i <entityFields.size(); i++){Object value = getValue(t,entityFields.get(i));// 创建单元格if(childBefore){ if(ExcelPercentField.percentFiledMap.containsKey(entityFields.get(i))){ createTableCell(row.createCell(i+childColumnLength),value,percentStyle,pattern,rowspan); }else{ createTableCell(row.createCell(i+childColumnLength),value,normalStyle,pattern,rowspan); }}else{ if(ExcelPercentField.percentFiledMap.containsKey(entityFields.get(i))){ createTableCell(row.createCell(i),value,percentStyle,pattern,rowspan); }else{ createTableCell(row.createCell(i),value,normalStyle,pattern,rowspan); }} } // 子表字段 if(childFields !=null && childFields.size() > 0){if(children !=null ){ List list = (ArrayList)children; for(int i = 0;i <list.size(); i++){ if(i >0){ rowNum++; row = sheet.createRow(rowNum); } for(int j = 0;j<childFields.size();j++){ Object value = getValue(list.get(i),childFields.get(j)); if(childBefore){if(ExcelPercentField.percentFiledMap.containsKey(childFields.get(j))){ createTableCell(row.createCell(j ),value,percentStyle,pattern,rowspan);}else{ createTableCell(row.createCell(j ),value,normalStyle,pattern,rowspan);} }else{if(ExcelPercentField.percentFiledMap.containsKey(childFields.get(j))){ createTableCell(row.createCell(j +entityColumnLength),value,percentStyle,pattern,rowspan);}else{ createTableCell(row.createCell(j +entityColumnLength),value,normalStyle,pattern,rowspan);} } } }} } // 如果需要合并行 if(rowspan > 0){for(int i = 0;i<entityFields.size();i++){ CellRangeAddress cellRange = null; if(childBefore){ cellRange= new CellRangeAddress(rowNum-rowspan,rowNum,i+childColumnLength,i+childColumnLength); }else{ cellRange = new CellRangeAddress(rowNum-rowspan,rowNum,i,i); } sheet.addMergedRegion(cellRange); //添加边框 RegionUtil.setBorderTop(BorderStyle.THIN, cellRange, sheet); RegionUtil.setBorderBottom(BorderStyle.THIN, cellRange, sheet); RegionUtil.setBorderLeft(BorderStyle.THIN, cellRange, sheet); RegionUtil.setBorderRight(BorderStyle.THIN, cellRange, sheet); RegionUtil.setTopBorderColor(HSSFColor.HSSFColorPredefined.GREEN.getIndex(),cellRange,sheet); RegionUtil.setBottomBorderColor(HSSFColor.HSSFColorPredefined.GREEN.getIndex(),cellRange,sheet); RegionUtil.setLeftBorderColor(HSSFColor.HSSFColorPredefined.GREEN.getIndex(),cellRange,sheet); RegionUtil.setRightBorderColor(HSSFColor.HSSFColorPredefined.GREEN.getIndex(),cellRange,sheet);} } } sheet.autoSizeColumn(2); setSizeColumn(sheet,entityColumnLength+childColumnLength); } /** * 初始化构建工作簿 */ private void initWorkBook(){ // 创建一个工作簿 workbook = HSSFWorkbookFactory.createWorkbook(); // 创建一个sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(); // 默认表格列宽 sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth(18); patriarch = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch(); } /** * 创建Excel标题 * @param title 标题 * @param colspan 合并列 * @param headerStyle 样式 */ private void createTableTitle(String title,int colspan, HSSFCellStyle headerStyle) { if(StringUtils.isBlank(title)){ return; } HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(rowNum); row.setHeightInPoints(30f); HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(0); sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(rowNum,rowNum,0,colspan)); cell.setCellStyle(headerStyle); cell.setCellValue(title); rowNum ++; } /** * 创建Excel表头 * @param header * @param headerStyle */ private void createTableHead(String[] header, HSSFCellStyle headerStyle) { if(header ==null || header.length <1){ return; } HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(rowNum); HSSFCell cell; for (int i = 0; i < header.length; i++){ cell = row.createCell(i); cell.setCellStyle(headerStyle); cell.setCellValue(header[i]); cell.setCellType(CellType.STRING); } } /** * 创建单元格 * @param cell * @param value * @param normalStyle */ private void createTableCell(HSSFCell cell, Object value, HSSFCellStyle normalStyle, String pattern, int rowspan) { cell.setCellStyle(normalStyle); if (value ==null){ return; } if(value instanceof Number){ cell.setCellType(CellType.NUMERIC); cell.setCellValue(Double.parseDouble(value.toString())); //日期 } else if(value instanceof Date){ cell.setCellType(CellType.STRING); cell.setCellValue(DateUtils.parseDateToStr(pattern,(Date)value)); // 图片 } else if(value instanceof byte[]){ cell.getRow().setHeightInPoints(80); sheet.setColumnWidth(cell.getColumnIndex(),(short) (34.5 * 110)); HSSFClientAnchor anchor = new HSSFClientAnchor(0, 0, 1023, 255, (short) cell.getColumnIndex(), rowNum, (short) cell.getColumnIndex(), rowNum); anchor.setAnchorType(ClientAnchor.AnchorType.MOVE_DONT_RESIZE); patriarch.createPicture(anchor, workbook.addPicture( (byte[])value, HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG)); }else if(value instanceof Boolean){ cell.setCellType(CellType.STRING); if((boolean)value){cell.setCellValue('u221A'); } // 全部当作字符串处理 }else{ cell.setCellType(CellType.STRING); cell.setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString(String.valueOf(value))); } } /** * 创建标题行 * @param workbook * @return */ private HSSFCellStyle getTitleStyle(HSSFWorkbook workbook) { HSSFCellStyle style = getNormalStyle(workbook); style.getFont(workbook).setFontHeightInPoints((short)12); style.setAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER); style.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTER); return style; } /** * 创建尾部合计行 * @param workbook * @return */ private HSSFCellStyle getFooterStyle(HSSFWorkbook workbook) { HSSFCellStyle style = getNormalStyle(workbook); style.getFont(workbook).setFontHeightInPoints((short)12); style.setAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER); style.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTER); style.setFillForegroundColor(IndexedColors.LIME.getIndex()); style.setFillPattern(FillPatternType.SOLID_FOREGROUND); return style; } /** * 创建表头样式 * @param workbook * @return */ private HSSFCellStyle getHeaderStyle(HSSFWorkbook workbook) { HSSFCellStyle style = getNormalStyle(workbook); style.getFont(workbook).setFontHeightInPoints((short)11); style.setAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER); style.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTER); style.setFillForegroundColor(IndexedColors.LIME.getIndex()); style.setFillPattern(FillPatternType.SOLID_FOREGROUND); HSSFPalette palette = workbook.getCustomPalette(); palette.setColorAtIndex(IndexedColors.LIME.getIndex(),(byte)198,(byte)224,(byte)180); return style; } /** * 百分比格式 * @param workbook * @return */ private HSSFCellStyle createPercentStyle(HSSFWorkbook workbook){ HSSFCellStyle style = getNormalStyle(workbook); style.setDataFormat(HSSFDataFormat.getBuiltinFormat('0.00%')); return style; } /** * 创建普通样式 * @param workbook * @return */ private HSSFCellStyle getNormalStyle(HSSFWorkbook workbook){ // 创建字体 HSSFFont font = workbook.createFont(); font.setFontHeightInPoints((short)10); // 构建样式 HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle(); // 设置边框 style.setBorderTop(BorderStyle.THIN); style.setBorderRight(BorderStyle.THIN); style.setBorderBottom(BorderStyle.THIN); style.setBorderLeft(BorderStyle.THIN); style.setTopBorderColor(HSSFColor.HSSFColorPredefined.BLACK.getIndex()); style.setRightBorderColor(HSSFColor.HSSFColorPredefined.BLACK.getIndex()); style.setBottomBorderColor(HSSFColor.HSSFColorPredefined.BLACK.getIndex()); style.setLeftBorderColor(HSSFColor.HSSFColorPredefined.BLACK.getIndex()); style.setAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER); style.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTER); style.setFont(font); // 字体默认换行 style.setWrapText(true); return style; } /** * 反射获取值 * @param t * @param fieldName * @param <E> * @return */ private <E> Object getValue(E t,String fieldName){ String methodName = 'get'+ fieldName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()+ fieldName.substring(1); try { Method method = t.getClass().getMethod(methodName); method.setAccessible(true); Object value = method.invoke(t); return value; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } /** * 输出IO流 * @param workbook * @param path * @return */ private void ioExcelHSSF(HSSFWorkbook workbook, String path){ OutputStream ops =null; if(StringUtils.isBlank(fileName)){ path = path + DateUtils.dateTimeNow() +'.xls'; } else { path = path + fileName + '.xls'; } try { ops = new FileOutputStream(path); workbook.write(ops); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { if(ops != null){try { ops.close();} catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace();} } } } private void httpExcelHSSF(HSSFWorkbook workbook, HttpServletResponse response){ OutputStream ops = null; try { ops = response.getOutputStream(); response.flushBuffer(); workbook.write(ops); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); if(ops !=null){try { ops.close();} catch (IOException ex) { ex.printStackTrace();} } } } /** * 自适应列宽 * @param sheet * @param size 列数 */ private void setSizeColumn(HSSFSheet sheet, int size) { for(int i =0;i<size;i++){ int columnWidth = sheet.getColumnWidth(i) / 256; for (int rowNum = 1; rowNum <= sheet.getLastRowNum(); rowNum++) {HSSFRow currentRow;//当前行未被使用过if (sheet.getRow(rowNum) == null) { currentRow = sheet.createRow(rowNum);} else { currentRow = sheet.getRow(rowNum);}if (currentRow.getCell(i) != null) { HSSFCell currentCell = currentRow.getCell(i);// if(rowNum==sheet.getLastRowNum()){// HSSFCellStyle style = currentCell.getCellStyle();// style.setFillForegroundColor(IndexedColors.LIME.getIndex());// style.setFillPattern(FillPatternType.SOLID_FOREGROUND);// currentCell.setCellStyle(style);// } if (currentCell.getCellType() == CellType.STRING) { int length = currentCell.getStringCellValue().getBytes().length; if (columnWidth < length) { columnWidth = length; } }} } sheet.setColumnWidth(i, columnWidth * 256); } }}

效果图如下：

但仍遇到一个问题，主子表结构导出，如果图片在主表，合并行之后，图片并不会居中，并且第一行会被撑开，有没有比较简单的方式进行处理(不想重新计算锚点，然后定高输出)？

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