SpringBoot框架如何操作Excel和PDF
Excel一款电子表格软件。直观的界面、出色的计算功能和图表工具，在系统开发中，经常用来把数据转存到Excel文件，或者Excel数据导入系统中，这就涉及数据转换问题。
2、PDF文档PDF是可移植文档格式，是一种电子文件格式，具有许多其他电子文档格式无法相比的优点。PDF文件格式可以将文字、字型、格式、颜色及独立于设备和分辨率的图形图像等封装在一个文件中。该格式文件还可以包含超文本链接、声音和动态影像等电子信息，支持特长文件，集成度和安全可靠性都较高。
二、Excel文件管理1、POI依赖Apache POI是Apache软件基金会的开源类库，POI提供API给Java程序对Microsoft Office格式档案读和写的功能。
<!-- Excel 依赖 --><dependency> <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId> <artifactId>poi</artifactId> <version>3.9</version></dependency><!-- 2007及更高版本 --><dependency> <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId> <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId> <version>3.9</version></dependency>2、文件读取
public static List<List<Object>> readExcel(String path) throws Exception { File file = new File(path) ; List<List<Object>> list = new LinkedList<>(); XSSFWorkbook xwb = new XSSFWorkbook(new FileInputStream(file)); // 读取 Sheet1 表格内容 XSSFSheet sheet = xwb.getSheetAt(0); // 读取行数：不读取Excel表头 for (int i = (sheet.getFirstRowNum()+1); i <= (sheet.getPhysicalNumberOfRows()-1); i++) {XSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(i);if (row == null) { continue; }List<Object> linked = new LinkedList<>();for (int j = row.getFirstCellNum(); j <= row.getLastCellNum(); j++) { XSSFCell cell = row.getCell(j); if (cell == null) { continue; } Object value ; // 这里需根据实际业务情况处理 switch (cell.getCellType()) {case XSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC: //处理数值带{.0}问题 value = Double.valueOf(String.valueOf(cell)).longValue() ; break;default: value = cell.toString(); } linked.add(value);}if (linked.size()!= 0) { list.add(linked);} } return list;}3、文件创建
public static void createExcel(String excelName, String[] headList,List<List<Object>> dataList)throws Exception { // 创建 Excel 工作簿 XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(); XSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(); // 创建表头 XSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0); for (int i = 0; i < headList.length; i++) {XSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);cell.setCellType(XSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);cell.setCellValue(headList[i]); } //添加数据 for (int line = 0; line < dataList.size(); line++) {XSSFRow rowData = sheet.createRow(line+1);List<Object> data = dataList.get(line);for (int j = 0; j < headList.length; j++) { XSSFCell cell = rowData.createCell(j); cell.setCellType(XSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING); cell.setCellValue((data.get(j)).toString());} } FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(excelName); workbook.write(fos); fos.flush(); fos.close();}4、文件导出
public static void exportExcel(String[] headList, List<List<Object>> dataList, OutputStream outputStream) throws Exception { // 创建 Excel 工作簿 XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(); XSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(); // 创建表头 XSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0); for (int i = 0; i < headList.length; i++) {XSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);cell.setCellType(XSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);cell.setCellValue(headList[i]); } //添加数据 for (int line = 0; line < dataList.size(); line++) {XSSFRow rowData = sheet.createRow(line+1);List<Object> data = dataList.get(line);for (int j = 0; j < headList.length; j++) { XSSFCell cell = rowData.createCell(j); cell.setCellType(XSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING); cell.setCellValue((data.get(j)).toString());} } workbook.write(outputStream); outputStream.flush(); outputStream.close();}5、文件导出接口
@RestControllerpublic class ExcelWeb { @RequestMapping('/web/outExcel') public void outExcel (HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {String exportName = '2020-01-user-data' ;response.setContentType('application/vnd.ms-excel');response.addHeader('Content-Disposition', 'attachment;filename='+ URLEncoder.encode(exportName, 'UTF-8') + '.xlsx');List<List<Object>> dataList = ExcelUtil.readExcel('F:file-typeuser-excel.xlsx') ;String[] headList = new String[]{'用户ID', '用户名', '手机号'} ;ExcelUtil.exportExcel(headList,dataList,response.getOutputStream()) ; }}三、PDF文件管理1、IText依赖
iText是一种生成PDF报表的Java组件。通过在服务器端使用页面或API封装生成PDF报表，客户端可以通过超链接直接显示或下载到本地，在系统开发中通常用来生成比较正式的报告或者合同类的电子文档。
<dependency> <groupId>com.itextpdf</groupId> <artifactId>itextpdf</artifactId> <version>5.5.11</version></dependency><dependency> <groupId>com.itextpdf.tool</groupId> <artifactId>xmlworker</artifactId> <version>5.5.11</version></dependency>2、API二次封装
首先对于Itext提供的API做一下表格、段落、图片等基础样式的二次封装，可以更好的适配业务。
public class PdfFontUtil { private PdfFontUtil(){} /** * 段落样式获取 */ public static Paragraph getParagraph (String content, Font font,Integer alignment){Paragraph paragraph = new Paragraph(content,font) ;if (alignment != null && alignment >= 0){ paragraph.setAlignment(alignment);}return paragraph ; } /** * 图片样式 */ public static Image getImage (String imgPath,float width,float height) throws Exception {Image image = Image.getInstance(imgPath);image.setAlignment(Image.MIDDLE);if (width > 0 && height > 0){ image.scaleAbsolute(width, height);}return image ; } /** * 表格生成 */ public static PdfPTable getPdfPTable01 (int numColumns,float totalWidth) throws Exception {// 表格处理PdfPTable table = new PdfPTable(numColumns);// 设置表格宽度比例为%100table.setWidthPercentage(100);// 设置宽度:宽度平均table.setTotalWidth(totalWidth);// 锁住宽度table.setLockedWidth(true);// 设置表格上面空白宽度table.setSpacingBefore(10f);// 设置表格下面空白宽度table.setSpacingAfter(10f);// 设置表格默认为无边框table.getDefaultCell().setBorder(0);table.setPaddingTop(50);table.setSplitLate(false);return table ; } /** * 表格内容 */ public static PdfPCell getPdfPCell (Phrase phrase){return new PdfPCell (phrase) ; } /** * 表格内容带样式 */ public static void addTableCell (PdfPTable dataTable,Font font,List<String> cellList){for (String content:cellList) { dataTable.addCell(getParagraph(content,font,-1));} }}3、生成PDF文件
这里基于上面的工具类，画一个PDF页面作为参考。
public class PdfPage01 { // 基础配置 private static String PDF_SITE = 'F:file-typePDF页面2020-01-15.pdf' ; private static String FONT = 'C:/Windows/Fonts/simhei.ttf'; private static String PAGE_TITLE = 'PDF数据导出报告' ; // 基础样式 private static Font TITLE_FONT = FontFactory.getFont(FONT, BaseFont.IDENTITY_H,20, Font.BOLD); private static Font NODE_FONT = FontFactory.getFont(FONT, BaseFont.IDENTITY_H,15, Font.BOLD); private static Font BLOCK_FONT = FontFactory.getFont(FONT, BaseFont.IDENTITY_H,13, Font.BOLD, BaseColor.BLACK); private static Font INFO_FONT = FontFactory.getFont(FONT, BaseFont.IDENTITY_H,12, Font.NORMAL,BaseColor.BLACK); private static Font CONTENT_FONT = FontFactory.getFont(FONT, BaseFont.IDENTITY_H, BaseFont.NOT_EMBEDDED); private static void createPdfPage () throws Exception {// 创建文档Document document = new Document();PdfWriter writer = PdfWriter.getInstance(document, new FileOutputStream(PDF_SITE));document.open();// 报告标题document.add(PdfFontUtil.getParagraph(PAGE_TITLE,TITLE_FONT,1)) ;document.add(PdfFontUtil.getParagraph('n商户名称：XXX科技有限公司',INFO_FONT,-1)) ;document.add(PdfFontUtil.getParagraph('n生成时间：2020-01-15nn',INFO_FONT,-1)) ;// 报告内容// 段落标题 + 报表图document.add(PdfFontUtil.getParagraph('城市数据分布统计',NODE_FONT,-1)) ;document.add(PdfFontUtil.getParagraph('n· 可视化图表nn',BLOCK_FONT,-1)) ;// 设置图片宽高float documentWidth = document.getPageSize().getWidth() - document.leftMargin() - document.rightMargin();float documentHeight = documentWidth / 580 * 320;document.add(PdfFontUtil.getImage('F:file-typemyChart.jpg',documentWidth-80,documentHeight-80)) ;// 数据表格document.add(PdfFontUtil.getParagraph('n· 数据详情nn',BLOCK_FONT,-1)) ;PdfPTable dataTable = PdfFontUtil.getPdfPTable01(4,400) ;// 设置表格List<String> tableHeadList = tableHead () ;List<List<String>> tableDataList = getTableData () ;PdfFontUtil.addTableCell(dataTable,CONTENT_FONT,tableHeadList);for (List<String> tableData : tableDataList) { PdfFontUtil.addTableCell(dataTable,CONTENT_FONT,tableData);}document.add(dataTable);document.add(PdfFontUtil.getParagraph('n· 报表描述nn',BLOCK_FONT,-1)) ;document.add(PdfFontUtil.getParagraph('数据报告可以监控每天的推广情况，' +'可以针对不同的数据表现进行分析，以提升推广效果。',CONTENT_FONT,-1)) ;document.newPage() ;document.close();writer.close(); } private static List<List<String>> getTableData (){List<List<String>> tableDataList = new ArrayList<>() ;for (int i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i++){ List<String> tableData = new ArrayList<>() ; tableData.add('浙江'+i) ; tableData.add('杭州'+i) ; tableData.add('276'+i) ; tableData.add('33.3%') ; tableDataList.add(tableData) ;}return tableDataList ; } private static List<String> tableHead (){List<String> tableHeadList = new ArrayList<>() ;tableHeadList.add('省份') ;tableHeadList.add('城市') ;tableHeadList.add('数量') ;tableHeadList.add('百分比') ;return tableHeadList ; } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {createPdfPage () ; }}4、页面效果
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId></dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-freemarker</artifactId></dependency>2、编写页面样式
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang='en' xmlns:th='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'><head> <meta charset='UTF-8'/> <title>Title</title> <style>body{font-family:SimSun;} </style></head><body>项目信息：<br/>名称：${name}<br/>作者：${author}<br/><br/><img src='https://img2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1691717/201906/1691717-20190603213911854-1098366582.jpg'/><br/></body></html>3、核心配置类
public class PageConfig { private static final String DEST = 'F:file-typeHTML页面2020-01-15.pdf'; private static final String HTML = '/pdf_page_one.html'; private static final String FONT = 'C:/Windows/Fonts/simsun.ttc'; private static Configuration freemarkerCfg = null ; static {freemarkerCfg = new Configuration(Configuration.DEFAULT_INCOMPATIBLE_IMPROVEMENTS);//freemarker的模板目录try { String path = 'TODO:模板路径{自定义}' ; freemarkerCfg.setDirectoryForTemplateLoading(new File(path));} catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace();} } /** * 创建文档 */ private static void createPdf(String content,String dest) throws Exception {Document document = new Document();PdfWriter writer = PdfWriter.getInstance(document, new FileOutputStream(dest));document.open();XMLWorkerFontProvider fontImp = new XMLWorkerFontProvider(XMLWorkerFontProvider.DONTLOOKFORFONTS);fontImp.register(FONT);XMLWorkerHelper.getInstance().parseXHtml(writer, document,new ByteArrayInputStream(content.getBytes()), null, Charset.forName('UTF-8'), fontImp);document.close(); } /** * 页面渲染 */ private static String freeMarkerRender(Map<String, Object> data, String htmlTmp) throws Exception {Writer out = new StringWriter();Template template = freemarkerCfg.getTemplate(htmlTmp,'UTF-8');template.process(data, out);out.flush();out.close();return out.toString(); } /** * 方法入口 */ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {Map<String,Object> data = new HashMap<> ();data.put('name','smile');data.put('author','知了') ;String content = PageConfig.freeMarkerRender(data,HTML);PageConfig.createPdf(content,DEST); }}4、转换效果图
文中涉及文件类型，在该章节源码ware18-file-parent/case-file-type目录下。
GitHub·地址https://github.com/cicadasmile/middle-ware-parentGitEE·地址https://gitee.com/cicadasmile/middle-ware-parent
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